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RGPV B.E Information & Technology 8th Semester Syllabus (Non Grading)

Tuesday, January 8


                                                      Information Security IT 801  


Unit I: Basic of Cryptography, secret key cryptography, Types of attack, Substitution ciphers, Transposition ciphers, block ciphers and steam ciphers, Confusion and Diffusion, Data encryption standard, round function, modes of operation, cryptanalysis, brute force attack, Security Goals (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability).

Unit II: Public key Cryptography, Modulo arithmetic, Greatest common divisor,  Euclidean  algorithm, RSA algorithm, hash function, attack on collision resistance, Diffie hellman key exchange, Digital signature standard, elliptic curve cryptography.

Unit III: Authentication: One way Authentication, password based, certificate based, Mutual Authentication ,shared secret based, Asymmetric based, Authentication and key agreement, centralized Authentication, eavesdropping,  Kerberos, IP security overview:- security association & Encapsulating security payload ,tunnel and transfer modes, internet key exchange protocol, Secure Socket Layer(SSL), Transport Layer Security (TLS).

Unit IV: Software vulnerabilities:  Phishing Attacks, buffer overflow  vulnerability, Format String attack,            Cross Site Scripting, SQL injection Attacks, Email security:- Security services of E-mail ,Establishing keys, Privacy ,Authentication of the source, Message integrity ,Non-Repudiation, Viruses, Worms,  Malware.

Unit V: Web Issue: Introduction, Uniform Resource Locator/uniform resource identify, HTTP, Cookies, Web security problem, Penetration Testing, Firewalls:- functionality, Polices and Access Control, Packet filters, Application level gateway, Encrypted tunnel, Security architecture, Introduction to intrusion detection system.  


                                                           Soft Computing IT 802 


Unit I: Introduction to Neural Network: Concept, biological neural network, evolution of artificial neural network, McCulloch-Pitts neuron models, Learning (Supervise & Unsupervise) and activation function, Models of ANN-Feed forward network and feed back network, Learning Rules- Hebbian, Delta, Perceptron Learning  and Windrow-Hoff, winner take all.

Unit II: Supervised Learning: Perceptron learning,- Single layer/multilayer, linear Separability, Adaline, Madaline, Back propagation network, RBFN. Application of Neural network in forecasting, data compression and image compression.

Unit III: Unsupervised learning: Kohonen SOM (Theory, Architecture, Flow Chart, Training Algorithm) Counter Propagation (Theory , Full Counter Propagation NET and Forward only counter propagation net), ART (Theory, ART1, ART2). Application of Neural networks in pattern and face recognition, intrusion detection, robotic vision.

Unit IV: Fuzzy Set: Basic Definition and Terminology, Set-theoretic Operations, Member Function, Formulation and Parameterization, Fuzzy rules and fuzzy Reasoning, Extension Principal and Fuzzy Relations, Fuzzy if-then Rules, Fuzzy Inference Systems. Hybrid system including neuro fuzzy hybrid, neuro genetic hybrid and fuzzy genetic hybrid, fuzzy logic controlled GA. Application of Fuzzy logic in solving engineering problems.

Unit V: Genetic Algorithm: Introduction to GA, Simple Genetic Algorithm, terminology and operators of GA (individual, gene, fitness, population, data structure, encoding, selection, crossover, mutation, convergence criteria). Reasons for working of GA and Schema theorem, GA optimization problems including JSPP (Job shop scheduling problem), TSP (Travelling salesman problem), Network design routing,   timetabling problem. GA implementation using MATLAB.  


                                           Component Based Software Engineering  IT 830


Unit I: Introduction to Component Based Development: Definition  of Software Component  and  its  Elements,  The Component  Industry Metaphor,  Component  Models  and  Component  Services:  Concepts  and Principles,  An  Example  Specification  for  Implementing  a  Temperature Regulator Software Component.

Unit II: Case for Components: The Business  Case  for  Software  Components, COTS  Myths  and Other Lessons  Learned  in  Component-Based  Software  Development,  Roles  for Component-Based Development, Common High Risk Mistakes in Component-Based  Software  Engineering,  CBSE  Success Factors:  Integrating  Architecture, Process, and Organization

Unit III: Software Component Infrastructure: Software  Components  and  the  UML,  Component  Infrastructures: Placing Software Components in Context,  Business  Components, Components and Connectors: Catalysis Techniques for Defining Component Infrastructures, an  Open  Process  for  Component-Based  Development,  Designing  Models  of Modularity and Integration.

Unit IV: Management of CBD: Measurement  and  Metrics  for  Software  Components,  The  Practical Reuse  of  Software  Components,  Selecting  the  Right  COTS  Software:  Why Requirements are important, Build  vs.  Buy,  Software  Component  Project  Management  Processes,  The Trouble  with  Testing  Software  Components,  Configuration  Management  and Component Libraries, The Evolution, Maintenance and Management of Component-Based Systems

Unit V: Component Technologies: Overview  of  the  CORBA  Component  Model,  Transactional  COM+ Designing  Scalable  Applications,  The  Enterprise  JavaBeans  Component Model,  Choosing  Between  COM+,  EJB,  and  CCM,  Software  Agents  as  Next Generation Software Components,  


                                                     Real Time Systems  IT 831


Unit I: Introduction to real time systems, structure, issues, task classes,  performance measures for real time systems-their properties, traditional measures, cost functions and hard deadlines. Estimation of program run time-source code analysis, accounting for pipelining and caches.

Unit II: Task Assignment and Scheduling-Rate monotonic scheduling algorithm, Preemptive earliest deadline first algorithm, Using primary and alternative tasks. Task Assignment-Utilization balancing algorithm, next fit for RM(Rate monitoring) scheduling, Bin packing assignment algorithm for EDF, Myopic offline scheduling(MOS) algorithm, Focused addressing and bidding(FAB) algorithm, Buddy strategy, Assignment with precedence conditions.

Unit III: Programming Languages & Tools- Desired language characteristics,, data typing, control structures, hierarchical decomposition, packages, run time error handling,  Overloading and genetics, Multitasking, Low level programming, Fex, Euclid, Run time support.

Unit IV: Real time Communication-Communication media, network topologies. Protocols-Contention based, Token based, Stop-and-Go, Polled bus, Hierarchical round robin, deadline based.

Unit V: Fault Tolerance Techniques- Fault, fault types, fault detection, fault and error containment, hardware and software redundancy, time redundancy, information redundancy. Reversal checks, Malicious or Byzantine failures, Integrated failure handling.  


                                                        Image Processing IT 832 


Unit I: Image representation, fundamental steps in image processing, image model. Sampling & quantization. Neighbors of a pixel, connectivity and distance measures. Basic transformations and perspective transformations. Two dimensional Fourier transform, Discrete Fourier transform and their properties. Fast Fourier transform, Walsh Transform, Hadamard transform and Discrete Cosine transform.

Unit II: Image  Enhancement: Intensity transformations, histogram processing, Image subtraction, image averaging,  Spatial filtering-smoothing and sharpening filters, frequency domain filtering methods-low pass filtering, high pass filtering, median filtering.

Unit III: Image compression: Redundancy and its types. Image compression model, variable length coding, bit plane coding, constant area coding, run length coding, lossless and lossy predictive coding,  transform coding.

Unit IV: Image restoration and Segmentation: Degradation model, effect of diagonalisation on degradation, algebraic approach. Detection of discontinuities by point, line and edge detection. Edge linking, graph theoretic techniques, thresholding techniques, region oriented segmentation.

Unit V: Representation & Description: Chain codes, polygonal approximations, signatures, boundary segments, skeleton, boundary descriptors, shape descriptors regional descriptors, image morphology-dilation, erosion, opening, closing, thickening, thinning, skeleton, pruning,, hit or miss transform.  


                                                        Artificial Intelligence IT 833  
                                 

Unit I: Meaning and definition of artificial intelligence, Various types of production systems, Characteristics of production systems, Study and comparison of breadth first search and depth first search. Techniques, other Search Techniques like hill Climbing, Best first Search. A* algorithm, AO* algorithms etc, and various types of control strategies.

Unit II: Knowledge Representation, Problems in representing knowledge, knowledge representation using propositional and predicate logic, comparison of propositional and predicate logic, Resolution, refutation, deduction, theorem proving, inferencing, monotonic and non-monotonic reasoning.

Unit III: Probabilistic reasoning, Baye's theorem, semantic networks, scripts, schemas, frames, conceptual dependency, fuzzy logic, forward and backward reasoning.

Unit IV: Game playing techniques like minimax procedure, alpha-beta cut-offs etc, planning, Study of the block world problem in robotics, Introduction to understanding and natural languages processing.

Unit V: Introduction to learning, Various techniques used in learning, introduction to neural networks, applications of neural networks, common sense, reasoning, some example of expert systems.  

 
                                               Data Mining and Warehousing  IT 840  
 

Unit I: Data Warehousing:  Need for data warehousing , Basic elements of data warehousing, Data Mart, Data Warehouse Architecture, extract and load Process, Clean and Transform data, Star ,Snowflake and Galaxy Schemas for Multidimensional databases, Fact and dimension data, Partitioning Strategy-Horizontal and Vertical Partitioning.

Unit II: Data Warehouse and OLAP technology, Multidimensional data models and different OLAP Operations, OLAP Server: ROLAP, MOLAP, Data Warehouse implementation ,Efficient Computation of Data Cubes,  Processing of OLAP queries, Indexing data.  

Unit III: Data Mining: Data Preprocessing ,Data Integration and Transformation, Data Reduction, Discretizaion and Concept Hierarchy Generation , Basics of data mining, Data mining techniques, KDP (Knowledge Discovery Process), Application and Challenges of Data Mining, Introduction of Web Structure Mining, Web Usage Mining, Spatial Mining, Text Mining, Security Issue, Privacy Issue, Ethical Issue.

Unit IV: Mining Association Rules in Large Databases: Association Rule Mining, Single-Dimensional Boolean Association Rules, Multi-Level Association Rule, Apriori Algorithm, Fp-Growth Algorithm, Time series mining association rules, latest trends in association rules mining.

Unit V: Classification and Clustering Distance Measures, Types of Clustering, K-Means Algorithm, Decision Tree Induction, Bayesian Classification, Association Rule Based, Other Classification Methods, Prediction, Classifier Accuracy, Categorization of methods, Partitioning methods, Outlier Analysis.


                                                     
                                                         Cyber Law & Forensic  IT 841 


Unit I: Cyber world: an overview, internet and online resources, security of information, digital signature, intellectual property (IP), historical background of IP, IPR governance, National patent offices, the world intellectual property organization (WIPO).

Unit II: Introduction about the cyber space, cyber law, regulation of cyber space, scope of cyber laws: e- commerce; online contracts; IPRs (copyright, trademarks and software patenting), e-taxation; e-governance and cyber crimes, cyber law in India with special reference to Information Technology Act, 2000.

Unit III: Introduction to computer and cyber crimes. Cyber crimes and related concepts, distinction between cyber crimes and conventional crimes, Cyber criminals and their objectives. Kinds of cyber crimes cyber stalking; cyber pornography, forgery and fraud, crime related to IPRs, cyber terrorism; computer vandalism etc. Cyber forensics, computer forensics and the law, forensic evidence, computer forensic tools.

Unit IV: Regulation of cyber crimes, Issues relating to investigation, issues relating to jurisdiction, issues relating to evidence, relevant provisions under Information Technology Act 2000, Indian penal code, pornography Act and evidence Act etc.

Unit V: Copyright issues in cyberspace: linking, framing, protection of content on web site, international treaties, trademark issues in cyberspace: domain name dispute, cyber squatting, uniform dispute resolution policy, computer software and related IPR issues.


                                                       Ad Hoc Networks  IT 842 


Unit I: Introduction :Introduction-Fundamentals of Wireless Communication Technology, The Electromagnetic Spectrum, GSM, GPRS, PCS, WLAN and UMTS, Components of Packet Radios, Routing in PRNETs, Route calculation, Pacing techniques, Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Heterogeneity in Mobile Devices, Wireless Sensor Networks, Traffic Profiles, Types of Ad Hoc Mobile Communications, Types of Mobile Host Movements, Challenges Facing Ad Hoc Mobile Networks.

Unit II: Ad Hoc wireless MAC protocols- Introduction, Synchronous and asynchronous MAC protocols, Problem in Ad Hoc channel access, Receiver-initiated and sender-initiated MAC protocols, Existing Ad Hoc MAC protocols, Ad Hoc Routing Protocols- Introduction, Issues in Designing a Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Classifications of Routing Protocols: Table-Driven Routing Protocols - Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP), Cluster Switch Gateway Routing (CSGR), Source-Initiated On-Demand Approaches - Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), Signal Stability Routing (SSR) Location-Aided Routing (LAR), Power-Aware Routing (PAR), Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP).

Unit III: Multicast routing In Ad Hoc Networks : Introduction, Issues in Designing a Multicast Routing Protocol, Operation of Multicast Routing Protocols, An Architecture Reference Model for Multicast Routing Protocols, Classifications of Multicast Routing Protocols, Tree-Based Multicast Routing Protocols, Mesh- Based Multicast Routing Protocols, Summary of Tree-and Mesh-Based Protocols - Energy-Efficient Multicasting, Multicasting with Quality of Service Guarantees, Application Dependent Multicast Routing, Comparisons of Multicast Routing Protocols.

Unit IV: Transport Layer, Security Protocols : Introduction, Issues in Designing a Transport Layer Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Design Goals of a Transport Layer Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Classification of Transport Layer Solutions, TCP Over Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Other Transport Layer Protocols for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Security in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Network Security Requirements, Issues and Challenges in Security Provisioning, Network Security Attacks, Key Management, Secure Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks.

Unit V: QoS and Energy Management : Introduction, Issues and Challenges in Providing QoS in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Classifications of QoS Solutions, MAC Layer Solutions, Network Layer Solutions, QoS Frameworks for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Energy Management in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks – Introduction, Need for Energy Management in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Classification of Energy Management Schemes, Battery Management Schemes, Transmission Power Management Schemes, System Power Management Schemes.  


                                             Operational Research  IT 843 



Unit I: Introduction to Linear Programming, Solution by Graphical and Simplex Method, Concept of Degeneracy and Duality, Artificial Variable Techniques : Big-M Method, Two Phase Method , Solution of Transportation Problems by North-West Corner Method, Lowest Cost Entry Method, Vogel’s Method, Non- Degenerate Basic Feasible Solution, Assignment Model

Unit II: Integer Programming: Relationship to Linear Programming, Branch and Bound, Cutting Plane Techniques: General Cutting Planes ,  Dynamic Programming: Introduction, Bellman’s Principle of optimality, Applications of dynamic programming, Critical Path Method, PERT

Unit III: Replacement, Introduction, Replacement of items that deteriorate with time when money value is not counted and counted, Replacement of items that fail completely, group replacement. Games Theory: Introduction, Minimax (maximin), Criterion and optimal strategy, Solution of games with saddle points, Rectangular games without saddle points, 2 X 2 games, dominance principle– m X 2 & 2 X n games.

Unit IV: Inventory : Introduction , Single item – Deterministic models, Purchase inventory models with one price break and multiple price breaks shortages are not allowed , Stochastic models demand may be discrete variable or continuous variable, Instantaneous production. Instantaneous demand and continuous demand and no set up cost.

Unit V: Waiting Lines: Introduction, Single Channel, Poisson arrivals, exponential service times with infinite population and finite population models, Multi channel, Poisson arrivals, exponential service times with infinite population single channel Poisson arrivals: (M/M/1 :   /FCFS), (M/M/1 : N/FCFS), (M/Ek/1 : /FCFS), (M/M/S : /FCFS)

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