RGPV M.Tech Automobile Engineering 2nd Semester (Grading System) Syllabus

                                                      MMAE-201 Vehicle Dynamics 



Unit I 
BASIC OF VIBRATION :Classification of vibration, definitions, mechanical vibrating systems, mechanical vibration and human comfort. Modeling and simulation studies. Single degree of freedom, free, forced and damped vibrations. Magnification factor and transmissibility. Vibration absorber. Vibration measuring instruments. Two degree of freedom system. modal analysis.

Unit II 
TYRES:Tire forces and moments, rolling resistance of tires, relationship between tractive effort and longitudinal slip of tyres, cornering properties of tyres, ride properties of tyre.

Unit III 
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLE:Equation of motion and maximum tractive effort. Aerodynamics forces and moments. Power plant and transmission characteristics. Prediction of vehicle performance. Braking performance.  

Unit IV 
HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES:Steering geometry. Steady state handling characteristics. Steady state response to steering input. Transient response characteristics. Directional stability of vehicle.

Unit V 
DYNAMICS OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM:Requirements of suspension system.  Spring mass frequency, wheel hop, Wheel wobble, wheel shimmy, choice of suspension spring rate. Calculation of effective spring rate. Vehicle suspension in fore and aft, Hydraulic dampers and choice of damping characteristics.  Compensated suspension systems. Human response to vibration, vehicle ride model. Load distribution. Stability on a curved track, banked road and on a slope.  


                               
                                 MMAE-202 Automotive Electrical and Electronics Control 



Unit I 
BATTERIES AND STARTING SYSTEM :Different types of Batteries – Principle, Construction and Electrochemical action of Lead – Acid battery, Electrolyte, Efficiency, Rating, Charging, Testing and Maintenance.  Starting System, Starter Motors – Characteristics, Capacity requirements. Drive Mechanisms. Starter  Switches.

Unit II 
CHARGING SYSTEM, LIGHTING SYSTEM AND ACCESSORIES :D.C. Generators and Alternators their Characteristics. Control cutout, Electrical, Electro-mechanical and electronic regulators. Regulations for charging. Wiring Requirements, Insulated and earth return system, details of head light and side light, LED lighting system, head light dazzling and preventive methods. Lighting design, Dash board instruments, Horns, wiper, Trafficators, Warning system and safety devices.

Unit III 
ELECTRONIC IGNITION AND INJECTION SYSTEMS :Spark plugs, Advance mechanisms. Different types of electronic ignition systems -   variable ignition timing, distributor less ignition. Spark timing control. Electronic fuel injection systems. Engine mapping.  

Unit IV 
SENSORS IN AUTOMOBILES: Basic sensor arrangement.  Types of sensors – Oxygen sensor, fuel metering/Vehicle speed sensor, mass air flow sensor, temperature sensor, altitude sensor, pressure sensor and detonation sensor.  Various actuators and its application in automobiles.  

Unit V
MICROPROCESSOR IN AUTOMOBILES :Microprocessor And Microcomputer controlled devices in automobiles such as instrument cluster, Voice warning system, Travel information system, Keyless entry system, Automatic Transmission.  Environmental requirements (vibration, Temperature and EMI).



                                                MMAE-203 Vehicle Safety & Maintenance 



UNIT I 
SAFETY CONCEPTS:Design of the body for safety, engine location, deceleration of vehicle inside passenger compartment, deceleration on impact with stationary and movable obstacle, concept of crumble zone, safety sandwich construction. Active safety: driving safety, conditional safety, perceptibility safety, operating safety- passive safety: exterior safety, interior safety, deformation behaviour of vehicle body, speed and acceleration characteristics of passenger compartment on impact.

UNIT II 
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS:Seat belt, regulations, automatic seat belt tightener system, collapsible steering column, tiltable steering wheel, air bags, electronic system for activating air bags, bumper design for safety, antiskid braking system, regenrative braking system, speed control devices.

UNIT III  
COLLISION WARNING, COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE SYSTEM:Collision warning system, causes of rear end collision, frontal object detection, rear vehicle object detection system, object detection system with braking system interactions, driver fitness detection.  Steering and mirror adjustment, central locking system , Garage door opening system, tyre pressure control system, rain sensor system, environment information system, manual and automated wiper system, satellite control of vehicle operation for safe and fast travel.

UNIT IV 
MAINTENANCE TOOL, SHOP, SCHEDULE, RECORDS:Standard tool set, torque wrenches, compression and vacuum gauges, engine analyzer and scanner, computerized wheel alignment and balancing, gauges for engine tune up and pollution measurement, spark plug cleaner, cylinder re boring machine, fuel injection calibration machine. Importance of maintenance. Schedule and unscheduled maintenance. Scope of maintenance. Equipment downtime. Vehicle inspection. Reports. Log books. Trip sheet. Lay out and requirements of maintenance shop.

UNIT V  
POWER PLANT REPAIR AND OVERHAULING:Dismantling of power plant and its components. Cleaning methods. Inspection and checking. Repair and reconditioning methods for all engine components. Maintenance of ignition system, fuel injection system, cooling system,- lubrication system. Power plant trouble shooting chart, Maintenance, servicing and repair of clutch, fluid coupling, gearbox, torque converter, propeller shaft. Maintenance of front axle, rear axle, brakes, steering systems. Tyre maintenance.
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                                        MMAE-204 Automotive Simulation & Testing 


UNIT I: 
INTRODUCTION TO MODELING AND SIMULATION : Modeling and simulation methodology, system modeling, concept of simulation; gaming; static, continuous and discrete event simulation; 3D modeling and dynamic simulation.

UNIT II: 
VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION : Design of simulation experiments, preparation of causal loop diagrams and flow diagrams, validation of experimental models, testing and analysis. Simulation languages comparison and selection, study of simulation software

UNIT III 
SI ENGINE SIMULATION WITH ADIABATIC COMBUSTION     Introduction, Engine details, temperature drop due to fuel vaporization, full throttle operation, work output and efficiency calculation, part-throttle operation, engine performance at part throttle, super charged operation, SI Engines simulation with progressive combustion  

UNIT IV 
SI ENGINE SIMULATION WITH GAS EXCHANGE PROCESS      Introduction, gas exchange process, Heat transfer process, friction calculation, compression of simulated values, validation of the computer code, engine performance simulation, pressure crank angle diagram, brake power, brake thermal efficiency, effect of speed on performance, simulation of two stroke SI Engine.

UNIT V 
SI & CI Engine Testing Morse Test, Motoring Test, Retardation Test, Willan’s Line Method, Engine Indicators, Brake Power Testing, Fuel Consumption Measurement, Air Consumption Measurements, Emission Testing, Flame Temperature Measurement, Performance Parameters and Characteristics of Engines
       
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                                                          MMAE-205 Automobile Design 


UNIT I 
Engineering Design, Steps in Design, Design Process, Properties of Engineering Materials, Standardization & Interchangeability of Machine Elements, Design of major engine components.

UNIT II 
Design procedure of theoretical analysis, design considerations, material selection & actual design of components – cylinder block design, cylinder head design &piston pin design, piston ring design, connecting rod design, crank shaft design, flywheel design, design of valve mechanism.

UNIT III 
Engine balancing, firing order, longitudinal forces, transverse forces, pitching moments, yawing moments, Engine layout, major critical speed & minor critical speed, design of engine mounting, design of cooling system, design principals of exhaust & inlet systems.

UNIT IV 
Determination of engine power. Engine selection, swept volume, stroke, bore& no. of cylinders, arrangement of cylinder stroke to bore ratio, Primary design calculation of major dimensions of fuel injection system.

UNIT V 
Basic concepts of CAD: Introduction, Graphics Standards, Two Dimesional transformation, Three Dimesional transformation Three Dimensional Geometric Transformation, Multiple Transformations, Rotation about an arbitrary axis in space, Matrix equations for Orthographic Projection.  
       
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                                              MMAE- 206 Lab III Design Practice   


PRACTICAL /LAB WORK  
Design of automobile components:
1 Chassis
2 Frame
3 Axle
4 Suspension
5 Cylinder
6 Piston
7 Connecting rod.
8 Valves
9 Crank shaft
10 Cam shaft  
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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:   
1. Timer
2. Seven segment displays
3. Characteristics of load cells
4. Characteristics of thermocouples
5. Characteristics of resistance thermometers
6. Characteristics of piezoelectric pressure transducers
7. Characteristics of LVDT
8. Characteristics of Strain gauges
9. Programming of microprocessor.
10. Programming of microcontroller.
11. Interfacing of microprocessors,
12. Interfacing of micro controllers.  

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RGPV M.Tech Energy Technology 2nd Semester (Grading System) Syllabus

                                MEEM 201 - Clean Coal & Green Power Technology  



Unit 1
Clean Coal Technologies- Super Critical Power cycles, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles, Circulating fluidized bed combustion and gasification, Gas cleaning systems and environmental issues, Principles of Waste Heat Recovery and Co- Generation, Analysis of Heat Recovery Systems, Regenerators & Recuperators for waste Heat Recovery, Condensate and Back Pressure Steam Turbines, Design of Waste Heat Recovery Boilers, Combined Cycle Power Plants based on waste Heat Recovery
Zero Emission Technology CO2 Capture – Flue Gas Approach, Oxygen combustion Approach,
Hydrogen/Syngas Approach.

Unit 2
Green Productivity: New Power cycles, Dry Ice co- generation, Biological CO2 fixation with Algae, Zero Emission Technologies, Recycling of CO2., Carbon Credits. CO2 Transportation, CO2 Utilization & Storage:- Deep Saline Aquifers, Cost Considerations, CO2 Capture, CO2 Transportation, CO2 Storage, Legal Issues, Environmental Health & Safety.

Unit 3
Advanced Energy Systems, Fluidized Bed Combustion, Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion (AFBC), Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC) and Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC),Clean Coal Technologies-Supercritical Cycles, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), IGCC Power Plants, Flue Gas De- Sulfurization and Coal Beneficiation, IGCC Power Plant Cycle Efficiency, Cold and Hot Gas Clean-Up

Unit 4
Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, Thermoelectric Generator, MHD-generator, Fusion reactor: Hydrogen Production & Utilization as Energy Source ;Fuel Cells; Types of Fuel cells; Fuel Cell Power Plant concepts.

 

                                                 MEEM 202 – Nuclear Power Generation  


Unit 1
Nuclear Physics- Fission & fusion & Radio activity Nuclear Reactor Theory- Nuclear reactions, Cross sections, nuclear fission, Power from fission, conversion and breeding, Neutron transport equation, Diffusion theory approximation, Fick’s law, Solutions to diffusion equation for point source, Planar source, etc. Energy loss in elastic collisions, Collision and slowing down densities, Moderation in hydrogen, Lethargy, Concept, Moderation in heavy nucleus, Moderation with absorption, Resonance absorption, NR and NRIM approximations, Multi-region reactors, Multi-group diffusion methods, Thermal reactors, Heterogeneous reactors, Reactor kinetics Coefficients of reactivity, Control, Fission product poison, Perturbation theory.
Peaceful application of Nuclear Energy –Power Generation and Isotope application

Unit 2
Boiling Water Reactor-

Unit 3
Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor-
Advanced Gas Cooled Reactor-

Unit 4
Faster Breeder Reactors-

Unit 5
Nuclear Power Plant Turbines-
Nuclear Power Plant- Balance of plant (BoP)-
Nuclear Safety regulation & Standards-  


     
                            MEEM 203 - Fuel & Combustion Technology  


Unit 1
Introduction, types, composition, properties, resources and classification of solid fuels, Principal of combustion: Solid, Liquid, and gaseous fuels, coal as a source of energy and chemicals in India. Classification of coals, Analysis of coal.

Unit 2
Coal carbonization – Mechanism, Low temperature carbonization high temperature carbonization, Coal preparation.. Natural Gases and its derivatives, Sources and potential. Combustion appliance for solid and gaseous fuels.

Unit 3
Origin of Petroleum – Production, Composition classification of petroleum, Indian Petroleum resources and their nature, Petroleum processing distillation cracking thermal and catalytic coking reforming. Fuel Oils, Octane number, properties and testing of petroleum and petroleum products, Liquefaction of coal, oil burners.

Unit 4
Gasoline – Production, Composition properties, Knocking and Octane Number, Diesel fuels, Kerosene. Types of Gaseous fuels, composition and calorific values, Natural gas, Liquefied petroleum gas, cleaning and purification of gaseous fuels. CNG, Nuclear Fuel, Bio-fuel.
Physics of semiconductor junctions for photovoltaic and photo-electrochemical conversion of solar energy. A review of Energy Storage Systems.
Alternative Fuels such as • MHD: Principles, Types and Applications. Fuel Cell: Types and Applications. • Hydrogen Energy: Sources, Applications and their future.

 

                             MEEM 204 - Energy Conservation, Management and Audit  
 
Unit 1
Energy Scenario: Commercial and Non-commercial energy, primary energy resources, commercial energy production, final energy consumption, energy needs of growing economy, long term energy scenario, energy pricing, energy sector reforms, energy and environment, energy security, energy conservation and its importance, restructuring of the energy supply sector, energy strategy for the future, air pollution, climate change, Energy Conservation Act-2001 and its features.

Unit 2
Electrical Billing, Power Factor & Capacitors, Load Management, Energy Conservation in Motors & Transformers (Types, Characteristics), Pumps, Compressors, Blowers, Fan Cooling Towers.
Energy Conservation Opportunities in Compressed Air Distribution System, Lighting System, Energy Conservation through: Variable Speed Drives.

Unit 3
Energy Audit, Need, Types of Energy Audit, Energy Management Audit Approach,- Understanding Energy Costs, Matching Energy Use to Requirement, Maximizing System Efficiencies, Optimizing the Input Energy Requirements, Energy Audit Instruments.

Unit 4
Investment Need, Appraisal and Criteria, Financial Analysis Techniques-Simple Payback Period, Return on Investment, Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Cash Flows, Risk and Sensitivity Analysis; Financing Options, Energy Performance Contracts and Role of ESCOs.

                               


                                  MEEM 205 – Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)  


Unit 1
Major objective of CDM, Projects for benefit from CDM finance, CDM methodology, CDM opportunities & priorities in India, flow of fund in Kyoto protocol.

Unit 2
Status of CDM today, Technology assimilation, Transfer of technology, Flow of fund under CDM, Competitors and major developers in India.

Unit 3
Technology & Market Assessment of various Power plants- IGCC, Super Critical, Combined Cycle, CFBC and Novel Energy devices.

Unit 4
Analysis of selected CDM options: Micro- Hydro Power Generations, Biomass Power Generation, Wind Power Generation, Clean Coal Technology, Indicative Simplified Baseline and Monitoring Methodologies for selected Small Scale CDM project activity Categories.

Case Studies, Typical Case studies of BOF Gas Waste Heat Recovery, Optimal Utilization of clinker and Conversion, Example of Calculation.

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RGPV M.Tech Information Technology 2nd Semester (Grading System) Syllabus

                                             MCIT - 201 Information Security System    


Unit 1 
Introduction: Basic objectives of cryptography, secret-key and public-key cryptography, one-way and trapdoor one-way functions, cryptanalysis, attack models, classical cryptography. Block ciphers: Modes of operation, DES and its variants, RCS, IDEA, SAFER, FEAL, BlowFish, AES, linear and differential cryptanalysis. Stream ciphers: Stream ciphers based on linear feedback shift registers, SEAL, unconditional security.

Unit 2 
Message digest: Properties of hash functions, MD2, MD5 and SHA-1, keyed hash functions, attacks on hash functions. Public-key parameters: Modular arithmetic, gcd, primality testing, Chinese remainder theorem, modular square roots, finite fields.

Unit 3 
Intractable problems: Integer factorization problem, RSA problem, modular square root problem, discrete logarithm problem, Diffie-Hellman problem, known algorithms for solving the intractable problems.

Unit 4 
Public-key encryption: RSA, Rabin and EIGamal schemes, side channel attacks. Key exchange: Diffie-Hellman and MQV algorithms. Digital signatures: RSA, DAS and NR signature schemes, blind and undeniable signatures. Entity authentication: Passwords, challenge-response algorithms, zero-knowledge protocols. Standards: IEEE, RSA and ISO standards

Unit 5 
Network issues: Certification, public-key infrastructure (PKI), secured socket layer (SSL), Kerberos. Advanced topics: Elliptic and hyper-elliptic curve cryptography, number field sieve, lattices and their applications in cryptography, hidden monomial cryptosystems, cryptographically secure random number generators.



                                           MCIT - 202 Distributed  Computing 



Unit 1 
INTRODUCTION Characterization of Distributed Systems  - Examples - Resource Sharing and the Web - Challenges - System Models - Architectural and Fundamental Models - Networking and Internetworking - Types of Networks - Network Principles - Internet Protocols - Case Studies.        

Unit 2
PROCESSES AND DISTRIBUTED OBJECTS Interprocess Communication - The API for the Internet Protocols - External Data Representation and Marshalling - Client-Server Communication - Group Communication - Case Study - Distributed  Objects and Remote Invocation - Communication Between Distributed Objects - Remote Procedure Call - Events and Notifications - Java RMI - Case Study.          
Unit 3
OPERATING SYSTEM ISSUES – I The OS Layer - Protection - Processes and Threads - Communication and Invocation – OS Architecture - Security  - Overview - Cryptographic Algorithms - Digital Signatures - Cryptography Pragmatics - Case Studies - Distributed File Systems - File Service Architecture - Sun Network File System - The Andrew File System

Unit 4
OPERATING SYSTEM ISSUES – II Name Services -Domain Name System - Directory and Discovery Services - Global Name Service - X.500 Directory Service - Clocks, Events and Process States - Synchronizing Physical Clocks - Logical Time And Logical Clocks - Global States - Distributed Debugging - Distributed Mutual Exclusion – Elections – Multicast Communication Related Problems.

Unit 5
DISTRIBUTED TRANSACTION PROCESSING Transactions - Nested Transactions - Locks - Optimistic Concurrency Control - Timestamp Ordering - Comparison - Flat and Nested Distributed Transactions - Atomic Commit Protocols - Concurrency Control in Distributed Transactions - Distributed Deadlocks - Transaction Recovery - Overview of Replication And Distributed Multimedia Systems



                                      MCIT - 203 Advance Computer Architecture  



Unit 1 
Flynn's  and Handler's  Classification of parallel computing structures.   Pipelined and Vector Processors.

Unit 2 
Data and control hazards and method to resolve them. SIMD  multiprocessor structures.

Unit 3 
Interconnection networks.  Parallel Algorithms for array  processors,  Search algorithms, MIMD multiprocessor systems,

Unit 4 
Scheduling and load balancing in multiprocessor systems, Multiprocessing control a algorithms.



                                                      MCIT - 204 Soft Computing  



Unit 1
INTRODUCTION: production systems, Study and comparison of breadth first search and depth first search. Techniques, other Search Techniques like hill Climbing, Best first search. A* algorithm, AO* algorithms.  Knowledge Representation, Problems in representing knowledge, knowledge representation using prepositional and predicate logic, Resolution, Refutation, theorem proving, monotonic and nonmonotonic reasoning.

Unit 2
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS :  Basic concepts  - Importance  of tolerance  of imprecision and uncertainty. Biological and artificial neuron, Single layer perception  - Multilayer Perception  - Supervised and Unsupervised learning  – Back  propagation networks - Kohnen's self organizing networks - Hopfield network.

Unit 3
FUZZY SYSTEMS : Introduction, History of the Development of Fuzzy  Logic,  Fuzzy  sets and Fuzzy reasoning  - Fuzzy matrices  - Fuzzy functions  - Decomposition  - Fuzzy  automata and languages - Fuzzy control methods - Fuzzy decision making.  

Unit 4
NEURO  - FUZZY MODELING :  Adaptive  networks based Fuzzy  interface systems  - Classification and Regression Trees - Data clustering algorithms - Rule based structure identification - Neuro-Fuzzy controls - Simulated annealing – Evolutionary computation.

Unit 5
GENETIC ALGORITHMS:  Survival of the Fittest - Fitness Computations  - Cross over  - Mutation - Reproduction - Rank method - Rank space method.



                                              MCIT - 205 Mobile Computing     



Unit 1 
Introduction to cellular mobile systems: Basic cellular system,  performance, criteria,  Uniqueness of  mobile  Radio environment, operation of  cellular systems, marketing Image of  Hexagonal shaped  cells, Planning of cellular system, Analog cellular systems, digital cellular systems, cell splitting.

Unit 2 
Cell coverage for signal & Traffic: Introduction, obtaining  the mobile point to point model, Propagation over water or flat open areas, Foliage loss,  Propagation in near in distance, long distance Propagation  obtain  path less from a point to point Prediction model, call-site  antenna Heights & Signal  coverage calls, mobile to mobile Propagation.

Unit 3 
Co channel Interference reduction: Co channel interference  ,  exploring co channel   interference area, in a system, Real time co channel interference  measurement at mobile radio  Transceivers, Decision of an omni directional antenna system, Design  of a directional antenna system,.  Lowering the antenna height, reduction of co channel interference by mean  of a  notech in the  tilted antenna Pattern,  Power control.

Unit 4
Frequency management &channel Assignment: Frequency management,  Frequency- spectrum utilization, set up channels  definition of channel assignment, fixed channel assignment,   non fixed channel  assignment algorithms How to operate  north  additional spectrum, Traffic &  channel assignment,  Perception of call blocking from the subscribers.

Unit 5
Handoffs &   Dropped calls: Value of Implementing  Handoffs, initiation of a hand off,  Delaying ahandoff, Forced Handoffs, Queuing of Handoffs, power difference handoff ,  Mobile assisted handoff &  soft Handoff, call site Handoff  only, intersystem Handoff, introduction to dropped call rate,  Formula of  Dropped call rate, Finding the values of   g & u.

Unit 6 
Special topics: Wireless  and Mobile Computation  – SS7, GSM, CDMA, Mobile IP, Wireless Mobile ATM, Multicast  Routing Protocols, Location Management, Mobile Agents, Mobility Management.

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RGPV M.Tech Nano Technology 2nd Semester (Grading System) Syllabus

                                      MNT 201 - Properties of Nanostructure 



UNIT I : 
Nanoscale I/V: Quantum wells, Q wires and dots, density of states, electrical transport properties in semiconductor nanostructures, quantization of conductance, coulomb blockade, Kondo effect, ballistic transport, non relativistic dirac fermions (massless electrons) & their conductance, Quantum Hall effect, fractional Q Hall effect.

UNIT II : 
Vibrational and thermal properties of low-dimensional materials, phonons, quantization of phonon modes, 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D phonons, heat capacity and thermal transport at nanoscale.  Superconductivity phenomena, flux quantization, Josephson effects, proximity and anti proximity effects at nanoscale.

UNIT III :
Nanofluid mechanics; flow of nanofluid, electrophoresis dielectrophoresis: Size selective sepration of dielectric nano particles, nano and micro fluid channels, low reynold number fluid dynamics, optical tweezer.

Unit IV :
Linear and nonlinear optical properties, Size Quantization effect, Optical blueshift phenomenon, Effective mass approximation, Tight Binding Theory (TBT), Collective oscillation, surface plasmon resonance, interactions between Nanoparticles, coupled-dipole approximation, Light detection in nano-structures; scanning near-field microscopy, single-molecule detection.

UNIT V :
Negative refrective index metamaterials, Passive microwave devices and antenna transmission lines metamaterials, super resolving metamaterials, negative refractive index lenses. Plasmonic nanowire metamaterials.


                             
                                   MNT 202 - Transduction and Measurements  



Unit-I 
Principles of transduction; some examples of transducers. Light sensing detectors (photo diodes and photo multiplier tubes) and their classification. Oscilloscopes, fast amplifiers, lockin amplifiers, Control systems, interfacing for data acquisition and processing.

Unit-II 
Nanosensors: Gas sensors, Pollution sensor, Photo sensor, Temperature sensor, IR detector, Biosensor, nanomaterial gas discharge devices, CNT based fluid velocity sensor. Turbo and ultra high vacuum, Clean room technology, class 1000,100,10 clean rooms.

Unit-III 
Thermodynamics & liquefaction of gases, Cryostat design , Transport Phenomenon, Fermi surface, Conductivity of solids, Technique of low temperature measurement, Physical properties measurement systems (Quantum design-PPMS), Magnetic properties measurement systems (MPMS), SQUIDS, Vibrational sample magnetometer (VSM), AC magnetic susceptibility measurement. Kelvin probe measurements, Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic measurement, dielectric measurement.

Unit-IV 
Interaction of radiation with matter, absorption, spontaneous emission and stimulated emission, population inversion, Semiconducting lasers, Quantum well lasers and quantum dot lasers. Chaotic light and coherence, Trapping and cooling.  

Unit-V 
Scattering theory, elastic and inelastic scattering, Types of scattering (Raman and Rayleigh scattering), Theory of luminescence, types of luminescence, Photoluminiscence, electroluminescence, and its applications, activators and co-activators, colour centres, Single and two photon laser induced fluorescence, excited state dynamics (lifetimes), fluorescence resonant energy transfer, single molecule dynamics.
     


                                         MNT 203 - Fuctional Nano Materials 



Unit I :  
Nature of carbon bonds, Different allotropes of carbon, structure and properties of C60, Graphene, Carbon nanotubes and its types, Laser vaporization techniques, arc discharge method and chemical vapor deposition techniques for CNT preparation, purification techniques. Properties of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene: Optical, Electrical and electronic properties, Mechanical, Thermal and vibrational properties.

Unit II :  
Shape memory alloys, Principle of one-way and two-way shape memory alloys. Important parameters in pseudo-elastic transformations. Shape memory alloy deformation, twinning & actuation. Thin film shape memory alloys for MEMS and transduction applications. Biomimetricy. Device integration of smart materials.

Unit III :  
Supramolecular structures, Introduction to secondary (non covalent) interactions and their role in organic solids, Insulated molecular wires, threded molecular wires, Discotic systems, hexabenzocorones, porphyrine and phthalocyanine, rylenes, perylenes, terrylenes and quaterrylenes,. Dendrimenrs, dendronised materials as a tool to control supramolecular architectures, potential applications of supramolecules.  

Unit IV :  
Hybrid nanomaterials, Core shell and other encapsulated systems, magnetic particle ferrites, microorganisms for synthesis of nanoparticles, nanoparticle-enzyme hybrids, superhard nanocomposites, diblock copolymer based nanocomposites, assemply of polymer nanoparticle composites, Functionalization of carbon nano tubes, covalent functionalization, defect functionalization, nanotube-polymer composites.  
Unit V :  
Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in field emission, fuel cells, CNT FETs, Light emitting displays and flat panel displays, hydrogen storage, solar panels, Application of functional nanomaterials in clean energy ( Hydrogen Production from Biomass, Catalytic coal hydrogasification), in environmental technologies ( clean water and air) and in health care ( tissue and bone repairs, bio medical sensors)



                                     MNT 204 - Nanoscale Devices  



Unit I : 
Silicon technology, processing methods: cleaning/etching, oxidation, gettering, doping, epitaxy. Sputtering, Plasma enhanced CVD, reactive ion etching. Moores Law, design rules for CMOS at 90 nm, 45nm, 32 nm. Semiconductor device road map, Silicon on insulator technology.  

Unit II :  
Gate dielectrics, poly-Si high-k dielectrics.Thermal matching, effect of lattice mismatch in device fabrication, challenges in MOSFETs for sub 15nm gate technology, 3D interconnects. Photoresist technologies for the nanoscale; metrology and defect inspection, Costing and yield,  Assembly and packaging.  

Unit III :
Top down approach to nanolithography; Tools for nanolithography, immersion lithography, Electron and ultraviolet (EUV) photolithography,  phase shifting masses, x ray lithography including plasma xray sources, Ebeam lithography, focused ion beams. Nanosphere lithography – Molecular self-assembly, soft lithography, Stereo-lithography, nanoscale 3D shapes – NEMS design, molecular manipulation by STM and AFM - LB flim resists - nanopattern synthesis – Nano scratching.  

Unit IV :
Processing III-V semiconductors including nitrides, molecular beam epitaxy, chemical beam epitaxy, metal organic CVD, quantum wells. Si-Ge, SiC, diamond: synthesis defects and properties at the nanoscale.

Unit V: 
Fundamentals of carrier transport in quantum structures, temperature effects, Resonant tunneling diodes, single electron transistor, modulation-doped field effect transistor MODFETs, and Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs)
                   


                                MNT 205 - Nano Biotechnology 



Unit I:
Physics of Biological sytems Interaction of biomolecules with surfaces, basic concepts of cell and molecular biology, Biomolecules and its structure, properties of DNA, Recombiant DNA technology.      

Unit II: 
Organic nanomaterials: Dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, block coplymers, Bionanomaterials: Biomimtric Systems, bioceremics & nanotherapeutics, microorganisms for synthesis of nanomaterials, biomembranes. Bio-functionalization of gold, magnetic and polymer nanoparticles and CNTs. .  

Unit III: 
Role of nanoparticles and nanodevices in Blood clotting, Blood substitutes, Bionanomaterials: Metallic and ceramic implant materials: Bone regeneration, Nano crystalline structures of Bone and Calcium phosphate cements. Cobalt-based alloys; Titanium and its alloys, Nanoparticles relating to Aluminium oxides; Hydroxyapatite; Glass ceramics; ceramic implants; Carbon implants. Nano dental materials.                    

UnitIV:            
Nanobiodevices, Nanobio hybrid systems for bioelectronic devices , nanoparticle-enzyme devices,     nanoparticle based protein recognition, biomaterial circuitry, lab on chip technology. Potentiometric sensors including chemically sensitive field effect transisitors, fabrication of planer waveguides immunosensors, surface plasmon resonance sensors and cantilever sensors.

Unit V:  
Drug designing and synthesis of nanodrugs–metal nanoparticles and drug delivery vechicles– Nanoshells–Tectodentrimers Nanoparticle drug systems – Diagnostic applications of nanotechnology. Fundamentals of synthetic chemistry and its pharmaceutical applications.            

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RGPV M.Tech Software Engineering 2nd Semester (Grading System) Syllabus

                          MSE-201  SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT  


Unit-I 
Introduction to Software project Management: Software projects, Contract management and technical project management, Activities covered by software project management , key objectives of  effective management  , plans , methods & methodologies , problems associated with software projects  management control .

Unit-II 
Project Planning: Business Planning: determining objectives; forecasting demand for product proposal writing requirement analysis, legal issues; Technical Planning: Lifecycle models, types of plans, plan documentation methods: PERT & CPM, Gantt charts, work breakdown structures. Standards, planning for risk management and control Capacity planning.

Unit-III 
Software Estimation Techniques, Expert judgement, estimating by analogy, Albrecht function point analysis, COSMIC Full Function Points, COCOMO-a patrametric model. Risk Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Planning & Risk Management, Evaluating risks to the schedule, Critical chain concepts.

Unit-IV 
Monitoring & Control: Creating the framework, collecting the data, Visualizing progress, Cost monitoring, Earned value analysis, Prioritizing monitoring, Change control. Managing people & organizing teams: Team organization, recruiting and staffing, Technical leadership, avoiding obsolescence training.

Unit-V 
Future Software Project Management: Modern Project Profiles, Next generation Software economics, modern process transitions. Case Study: The command Center Processing and Display system- Replacement (CCPDS-R)



                      MSE-202  SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE  



Unit-I 
Software Quality Assurance Framework and Standards : Concept of Software quality Software, Software Quality Attributes ,Software Quality Assurance, Components of Software Quality Assurance Software Quality Assurance Plan: Steps to develop and implement a Software Quality Assurance Plan Quality Standards: ISO 9000 and Companion ISO Standards, CMM, CMMI, PCMM, Malcom Balridge, 3 Sigma, 6 Sigma.

Unit-II 
Quality Assurance: Quality Assurance as dealing with defects, Defects Prevention Techniques: Education & training, Formal methods. Defect reduction: Inspection –Direct fault detection and removal, testing –Failure observation and risk identification.Defect Containment: Software fault tolerance and safety assurance and failure containment.

Unit-III 
Software Quality Assurance Metrics and Measurement: Software Quality Metrics, Product Quality metrics, ¬Process Quality Metrics, Metrics for Software Maintenance, Examples of Metric Programs, Software Quality metrics methodology, Establish quality requirements, Identify Software quality metrics, Implement the software quality metrics, analyze software metrics results, and validate the software quality metrics, Software quality indicators, Fundamentals in Measurement theory.

Unit-IV 
Software Testing: Functional vs, Structural testing, Test planning and preparation, Test executions, Result Checking and measurement, Test Automation.
Testing techniques: Adaptation, specialization and Integration, Case Study: Hierarchical web Testing. Process Improvement: Process Classification, Process Measurement, Process Analysis and Modelling Formal Verification & Specification, Fault tolerance and failure containment.

Unit-V 
Quantifiable Quality Improvement : QA monitoring and measurement , Analysis and follow up actions , Implementations, Integration and tool support , Models for Quality Assessment ,Generalized and product specific models .Risk Identification for quantifiable quality improvement :Traditional statistical analysis techniques, New techniques for risk identification .Software Reliablity Engineering :Reliability Analysis Using IDRMs(Input Domain Reliabilty Model) & SRGMs(Software Reliability Growth Model)  , TBRMs(Tree based reliability model) for reliability analysis and improvent .

       

                           MSE-203 SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE    



UNIT - I 
Software Architecture terms: Component, Relationship, View, Architectural Styles,  Type of IT Architecture, Frameworks, Patterns, Methodologies, Processes, Functional and Non-functional Properties of Software Architectures .

UNIT - II 
Designing Architecture: Quality Architecture, Architecture Life Style, Reconstructing  Software Architecture, Service Oriented  Architecture, Service Oriented Analysis  and Design, Trends in SOA, Enterprise Wide SOA and Application.

UNIT – III 
Architectural Styles: Pipes and Filters, Data Abstraction and Object-Orientation, Event-Based, Implicit Invocation, Layered Systems, Repositories, Interpreters, Process Control, Heterogeneous Architectures.

UNIT – IV 
Formal Models and specifications: Formalizing the architecture of a Specific system ,formalizing an architectural style and architectural design space ,Requirements for Architecture –Description languages  Tools for architectural design :Universal connector language ,automated support for architectural design , observations about environments for architectural design .
UNIT-V 
Analyzing Architecture: Architecture Tradeoff  Analysis Method(ATAM), Cost Benefit  Analysis Methods(CBAM). Case Studies: Key word in Context, The World Wide Web a case study in interoperability, Instrumentation software, cruise control, Mobile Robotics .Three Vignettes in Mixed style.



                 MSE-204 SOFTWARE VERIFICATION VALIDATION AND TESTING  



UNIT-1 
Software Testing Fundamentals –Testing objectives, Testing lifecycles, Test cases, human error, testing and debugging, general principles of testing, test metrics, Agile methodology and Its Impact on Testing, Verification and Validation.  Failure, Error, Fault, and Defect


UNIT-2 
Testing Approaches - Static testing, structured group examination static analysis, Control flow and data flow Testing, Determining Metrics, Dynamic Testing, Black Box testing, equivalence Class Partioning, Boundary Value Analysis, state transition test, cause effect graphing and decision table technique and used case testing and Advanced black box  and white box techniques techniques Gray box testing, intuitive  and Experience based  

UNIT –3 
Software Reliability-Reliability models, Reliability measures, verification and validation planning, Top down versus bottom up Testing Functional Vs Structured Testing, mutation testing, Test planning and Management, Testing process, Maturity Models.

UNIT –4 
Types of Testing- Concept of Unit Testing, Domain testing, Concept of Integration Testing. System testing acceptance testing, Alpha &Beta testing, Installation Testing, Usability Testing, Regression testing, Performance testing, Load testing, Stress testing, Security testing, Gorilla testing, Syntax Based Testing .

UNIT-5  
System Tests- Functionality Tests ,Robustness Tests, Interoperability Tests, Scalability Tests, Documentation Tests, Testing Tools-Automation of Test execution, Requirement Tracker, WinRunner, Load Runner, Test Director, Test Process , Test Plans ,

   

                     MSE-205  OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS & DESIGN 



Unit-I 
Object Oriented Modeling, Characteristics Object Oriented Model, An Object Model, Benefits of OO Modeling, Introduction to OOAD tools, Object Oriented Analysis, Differences between Structured  Analysis and Object Oriented Analysis. Analysis Techniques. UML: Introduction. Object Model Notations,  Modeling using class diagrams, Interaction diagram, Use case modeling

Unit-II
System Design: Breaking into Subsystems, Concurrency Identification, Management of data
store, Controlling events between Objects, Handling Boundary Conditions.
Object Design: Object Design Steps, Designing a Solution, Choosing Algorithms & data structures , Defining Classes and delegation of responsibilities to Methods .   Inheritance Adjustment, Association, Object  Representation, Design Optimization, Design Documentation

Unit-III 
Object Modeling: Advance Modeling Concepts, Multiple Inheritance, Generalization as an
Extension, Generalization as a Restriction, Metadata, Constraints.
Dynamic Modeling: Events, State and State Diagram , Advance Concepts in Dynamic
Modeling, Concurrency.
Functional Modeling: Functional Models, Data Flow Diagrams, Features of a DFD, Design
 flaws in DFD, Relationship between Object, Dynamic, and Functional Models

Unit-IV 
Implementation Modeling: Fine –tuning classes, Fine –tuning Generalization, Realizing Associations,  Testing, OO languages , Implementaion structure ,Implementation Structure ,Implementing Functionality ,  Relational Database Schema for Object Modes, Object Classes to Database Tables, Mapping Associations  to Tables, Mapping Generalizations to Tables, Interfacing to Database , Object Mapping with Databases .

Unit-V
Design of a object oriented system: Entity , interfaces, control, persistence, system classes. Design  Relationships:  Object Oriented design Process : Use case Model, Modeling Classes Interaction, UML  Design and implementation : software Implementation, Component and  deployment Diagram. Case   Study: Warehouse Management System, Telecom, Managing Object-Oriented Software Engineering  Object-Oriented Methods .    

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RGPV M.Tech Biotechnology 2nd Semester (Grading System) Syllabus

                                       MBT 201- IPR & BIOSAFETY    


Module-I 
Introduction to Intellectual Property 
Types of IP: Patents, Trademarks, Copyright & Related Rights, Industrial Design, Traditional Knowledge, Geographical Indications, Protection of GMOs IP as a factor in R&D; IPs of relevance to Biotechnology

Module-II 
Agreements and Treaties
History of GATT & TRIPS Agreement; Madrid Agreement; Hague Agreement; WIPO Treaties; Budapest Treaty; PCT; Indian Patent Act 2005 & recent amendments.

Module-III
Basics of Patents and Concept of Prior Art 
Introduction to Patents; Types of patent applications: Ordinary, PCT, Conventional, Divisional and Patent of Addition; Specifications: Provisional and complete; Forms and fees Invention in context of “prior art”; Patent databases; Searching International Databases; Country-wise patent searches (USPTO,esp@cenet (EPO), PATENT Scope (WIPO), IPO, etc.)

Module-IV 
Patent filing procedures 
National & PCT filing procedure; Time frame and cost; Status of the patent applications filed; Precautions while patenting – disclosure/non-disclosure; Financial assistance for patenting - introduction to existing schemes. Patent licensing and agreement Patent infringement- meaning, scope, litigation, Deliberate testing-Transgenic testing, Centers in India for Testing.

Module-V 
Biosafety 
Introduction; Principles of laboratory biosafety and biosecurity; Risk assessment: Occupational health hazards and laboratory associated infections (LAIs); Laboratory biosafety level criteria and biosafety laboratory design; Primary containment for biohazards: Selection, installation and used of biosafety cabinets; Decontamination and disinfection; Safe working practices in biorisk areas and waste management of biohazards; Biosafety guidelines - Government of India; Definition of GMOs & LMOs; Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC), Institutional Animal
Ethics Committee (IAEC), Review Committee for Genetically Modified organisms (RCGM), Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) etc. for GMO applications in food and agriculture; Environmental release of GMOs. Handling and transportation of infectious material and genetically modified products.
Case studies.



                             MBT202-BIO-ENTREPRENEURSHIP 



Module I 
Accounting and Finance 
Taking decision on starting a venture; Assessment of feasibility of a given venture/new venture; Approach a bank for a loan; Sources of financial assistance; Making a business proposal/Plan for seeking loans from financial institution and Banks; Funds from bank for capital expenditure and for working; Statutory and legal requirements for starting a company/venture; Budget planning and cash flow management; Basics in accounting practices: concepts of balance sheet, P&L account, and double entry bookkeeping; Estimation of income, expenditure, profit, income tax etc.

Module II 
Marketing
Assessment of market demand for potential product (s) of interest; Market conditions, segments; Prediction of market changes; Identifying needs of customers including gaps in the market, packaging the product; Market linkages, branding issues; Developing distribution channels; Pricing/Policies/Competition; Promotion/Advertising; Services Marketing

Module III 
Negotiations/Strategy 
With financiers, bankers etc.; with government/law enforcement authorities; With companies/Institutions for technology transfer; Dispute resolution skills; External environment/changes; Crisis/ Avoiding/Managing; Broader vision–Global thinking

Module IV 
Information Technology 
How to use IT for business administration; Use of IT in improving business performance; Available software for better financial management; E-business setup, management.
Human Resource Development (HRD)
Leadership skills; Managerial skills; Organization structure, pros & cons of different structures; Team building, teamwork; Appraisal; Rewards in small scale set up.
Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship

Module V 
Role of knowledge centre and R&D 
Knowledge centres like universities and research institutions; Role of technology and up gradation; Assessment of scale of development of Technology; Managing Technology Transfer; Regulations for transfer of foreign technologies; Technology transfer agencies.
Case studies.



                                 MBT 203- IMMUNO-TECHNOLOGY   

Module I
Introduction  
Immunology- fundamental concepts and anatomy of the immune system, Immune memory, Immune tolerance; Phagocytosis; Complement and Inflammatory responses; Haematopoesis; Mucosal Immunity; Antigens - immunogens, haptens; Major Histocompatibility Complex - MHC genes, MHC and immune responsiveness and disease susceptibility, HLA typing.

Module II  
Hybridoma Technology
Hybridoma techniques and monoclonal Ab production- myeloma cell lines, fusion of myeloma cell lines with Ab producing B cells , fusion methods, selection and screening methods, for positive hybrids, -cloning methods- production and purification and characterization of MAb. Application of MAb in biomedical research, in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Production of human MAb and their applications. Production of polyclonal Ab with different type of Ag: Ag preparation and modification, adjuvants, dose and route of Ag administration,collection of sera.

Module III  
Immunotechniques-Antigen-Antibody interactions
Immunoprecipitation- mancini method, ouchterloney method, immune electrophoresis, rocket immunoelectrophoresis, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, agglutination and complement mediated immune reactions; Advanced immunological techniques - RIA, ELISA, Western blotting, ELISPOT and ELAST assay, peptide based immuno binding assay, peptide mapping, epitope mapping, flurosence and photo illuminance based immunoassay, DELPHIA and SLFIA, concept of immunohisto / cyto-chemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and immunoelectron microscopy; detection of molecules in living cells, in situ localization by techniques such as FISH and GISH. Surface plasmon resonance, Biosenor assays for assessing ligand–receptor interaction, CMI techniques- lymphoproliferation assay, Mixed lymphocyte reaction, Cell Cytotoxicity assays, Apoptosis, Microarrays, Transgenic mice, Gene knock outs.

Module IV  
New generation Vaccines: Immunobiotechnology  
Vaccines and Vaccination, types of vaccines including new generation vaccines. Tumor immunology. Active and passive immunization; Live, killed, attenuated, sub unit vaccines; Vaccine technology- Role and properties of adjuvants, recombinant DNA and protein based vaccines, plant-based vaccines, reverse vaccinology; Peptide vaccines, conjugate vaccines; Antibody genes and antibody engineering- chimeric and hybrid monoclonal antibodies; Catalytic antibodies and generation of immunoglobulin gene libraries.

Module V
Clinical Immunology T-cell cloning-importance of Ag presentation and MHC class II molecules in T-cell cloning, Ag specific and alloreactive T-cell cloning, use of T-cell cloning – cell cloning in understanding the immunologically relevant Ag and T-cell epitopes, application of T cell cloning in vaccine development. Hypersensitivity – Type I-V; Autoimmunity; Types of autoimmune diseases; Mechanism and role of CD4+ T cells; MHC and TCR in autoimmunity; Treatment of autoimmune diseases; Transplantation – Immunological basis of graft rejection; Clinical transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy; Tumor immunology – Tumor antigens; Immune response to tumors and tumor evasion of the immune system,Cancerimmunotherapy;Immunodeficiency-Primary immunodeficiencies, Acquired or secondary immunodeficiencies.
Case studies.

Lab on Immunology:  
1. Single Radial Immuno Diffusion.
2. Double diffusion.
3. Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis.
4. Counter- Current Immunoelectrophoresis.
5. Characterization of Immunoglobulins by SDS-PAGE.
6. Antibody titre by ELISA method.
7. Isolation of Lymphocytes from human blood and Culture
8. Culturing and maintenance of cell lines
9. Immunoblotting, Dot blot assays.
10. Abs Production.  



                              MBT 204 -STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY  



Module-I   
Introduction to Stem Cells
Stem Cells: Definition, Classification and Sources, Blastocyst Culture, Xeno-free Derivation and Cryopreservation, Properties and Applications of Embryonic Stem Cells, Characterization of Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Stem Cells and their Developmental Potential. Culture, Subcloning, Spontaneous and Controlled Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells, In Vivo and In Vitro Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Feeder-free Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells,  

Module-II  
Standardization and Quality Assurance  
Generation and Expansion of pluripotent Stem cells, Epigenesis in Pluripotent Cells, Organogenesis, Mammalian Nuclear Transfer Technology, Novel Strategies for the mobilization of HSC, GMP : clinical scale production of MSCs,  

Module-III  
Regenerative Medicine  
Stem Cell therapy for Neurodegenrative Diseases: Parkinson’s, Alzheimer, Spinal Cord injuries and other brain syndromes, Tissue system failures, Diabetic Cardiomycopathy, kidney failure, liver failure, Leukaemia, transplantation.

Module-IV
Cancer stem cells
Purification and characterization of cancer stem cells, therapeutic implications of cancer stem cells: Preventative and therapeutic strategies for cancer stem cells, Targeting acute myelogenous leukaemia stem cells, targeting cancer stem cell pathways: Hedgehog/GLI signalling, Notch signalling pathway, Wnt.

Module-V
Human Embryonic Stem Cells and society 
Human Stem cells research: ethical considerations, stem cell religion consideration, Stem Cell based therapies: pre clinical regulatory consideration and patient advocacy, Intellectual property issues surrounding Human Embryonic Stem cells study.


Laboratory Exercise  
1. Preparation of feeder cell culture.
2. Culturing of Stem cell line.
3. Isolation of cells from blastocyst.
4. Growing mesenchymal stem cell.
5. Preservation of cord blood.
6. Stem cell isolation from umbilical cord.
7. Types of cleavage, invertebrates, vertebrates,and permanent preparations – stains of
stages of blastula
8. Development of Amphibian – Gestulation – Metamorphosis
9. Sex determination – Drosophila (Prescribed assignments with problems in genetic)
10. Stem cells –Identification of cells by staining of bone marrow – (Animal example)




                       MBT 205 - PROTEOMICS & PROTEIN ENGINEERING  



Module I  
Architecture of Proteins: Amino acids, classification of proteins, Protein Structure: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. Protein folding, thermodynamics and kinetics of protein folding, Protein Stability: protein stability & associated factors. Detection, identification and quantification of amino acids and proteins, In-silico protein modeling.  

Module II  
Control of Protein Function: Mechanisms of Regulation, Protein Interaction Domains, Regulation by Location, Effector Ligands: Competitive Binding and Cooperativity, Conformational Change and Allostery, Protein Switches Based on Nucleotide Hydrolysis, GTPase Switches: Small Signaling G Proteins, Signal Relay by Heterotrimeric GTPases, Protein Synthesis, Motor Protein Switches, Regulation by Degradation, Control of Protein Function by Phosphorylation, Regulation of Signaling Protein Kinases: Activation Mechanism, Cdk Activation, Two-Component Signaling Systems in Bacteria, Control by Proteolysis, Protein trafficking.

Module III  
Protein – Protein Interactions: Charting protein–protein interactions: Topoisomerase-based cloning, Univector plasmid-fusion system, Two-hybrid analysis protein-protein interactions in yeast, viral, bacteria systems. Use of phage display to detect protein-ligand interactions, Detecting interactions by protein fragment complementation assays.  

Module IV  
Protein Engineering & Protein Design:  Outline of bioengineering of macromolecules a multidisciplinary approach; Methods to alter primary structure of protein: site directed mutagenesis; examples of engineered proteins, protein design, principles and examples. Steps involved in protein engineering and protein modeling to the desired needs.  

Module V  
Techniques:  Protein engineering  Physical methods of determining the three-dimensional structure of proteins (X-ray crystallography, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Cryoelectron microscopy, Neutron diffraction, Optical spectroscopic techniques, Vibrational spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy),
[M.Tech Biotechnology] [2011-2012]
Grading IInd Semester   w.e.f. 2011-12
Use of 2-D PAGE, sensitivity and resolution and representation of 2-D gels, multiplexed analysis to show expression profiles; circular dichroism (CD), MALDITOF and MALDITOFTOF, special strategies for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Protein array for expressional analysis, profiling and functional analysis, application of proteomics to medicine.
 

Lab on Protein Engineering   
1. Using absorbance coefficients and extinction coefficients to estimate protein concentration
2. Protein quantitation when contaminating nucleic acids are present
3. Measuring protein concentration by colorimetric assay - the Bradford assay
4. The nitric acid method for protein estimation in biological samples
5. Quantitation of Tryptophan in Proteins
6. The CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) Assay
7. Use of Luciferase in a reporter assay
8. In vitro translation - Determining amino acid incorporation
9. Casting Immobilized pH Gradients (IPGs)
10. Carboxymethylation of cysteine using iodoacetamide/iodoacetic acid
11. Analyzing Protein Phosphorylation

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