RGPV M.Tech Energy Technology 3rd Semester (Grading System) Syllabus

                            MEEM 301 (1): Water and Waste Water Treatment -  

Waste Water: Primary Treatment; Equalization Basin, Screening, Comminuting, Grit
Removal, Grease Removal & Skimming, Flow Measurement, Primary Sedimentation.

Secondary Treatment; Waste Water Microbiology: Growth & Food Utilization
Activated Sludge Process, Extended Aeration, Trickling Filter, Ponds & Lagoons,
Secondary Clarification.

Sludge Treatment & Disposal; Sludge Characteristics, Sludge Thickening, Sludge
Digestion, Sludge Disposal: Sludge Incineration, Air Drying, Composting, ASTE Water
Reuse & Application.

Advanced & Tertiary Treatment, Nutrient Removal, pH Control System,
Neutralization Agents & Processes.

References:
1. Waste Waster Treatment by Hammer & Hammer
2. Design of Water Treatment Plants by Dr. A.g. Bhole- IWWA Nagpur centre
3. Hand book of Environmental Engineering Vol2, Lawrence K. Wang and Worman C.
Pereira, The Human Press, Clifton, New Jersey (1980)
4. Handbook of Environment Engg, Vol. I Liptak
5. Environmental Engineering by Peavy , Rowe, Tchobanogolous
6. Waste Waster Treatment by Steel & Meghee
7. Waste water Treatment , Disposal & Reuse , Metcalf & Eddy
8. Manual on Water Supply & Treatment, CPHEEO, Ministry of Urban development, New
Delhi, GOI.
9. Environmental Pollution Control Engineering, By C.S. rao
10. Theory & Practice of Industrial Waste Treatment, Addison Wesley Publishing Co. NY
11. Water & Waste Water Technology, Marle J. Hammer & Hammer
12. Waste Water Treatment by Liu, Liptak , Lewis

        
                          MEEM 301(2): Instrumentation and Control in Energy System -

Basic measurement concepts, measurement errors. Transducer classification , Static and dynamic
Characteristics of transducers,Instruments for measuring temperature, pressure, velocity and
flow, heat flux, liquid level and concentration in energy systems, characterization of combustors,
flue gas analysers, Exhaust gas analysers.

Solar energy measurement requirements, Solar radiation measuring instruments, Meteorological
data measurements, Energy auditing instruments,

Probe measurements in plasmas, general plasma spectroscopy, Laser interferometery
developments, Plasma density and temperature measurement, Mass spectroscopy for plasma
species.

Characterisation of electrical power systems, Instruments for monitoring electrical parameters,
analysis of power system measurements.

Analog signal conditioning, A/D and D/A converters, Digital data processing and display,
Computer data processing and control.Feed back control system Stability and transient analysis
of control systems, Application of PID controllers, General purpose control devices and
controller design.

Air pollution sampling and measurements of particulates, SOx, NOx, CO, O3, hydrocarbons,
Waste water sampling, determination of organic and in-organic and in-organic substance,
Physical Characteristic and bacteriological measurements, Solid waste measurements and
disposal.

References:
1. Electrical Measurements & Measuring instruments by F W Golding
2. Principles of Measurements of Instrumentation by A S Morris
3. Instrumentation Measurement & Feedback by E Barry jones
4. Instrumentation Measurement & Analysis by B C Nakra


                       MEEM 301 (3): Economics & Planning of Energy System

Energy theory of value: Principles and systems of energy flows, Methods of energy analysis;

Energy intensity method, process analysis input –output method based energy accounting.

Energy cost of goods and services energy to produce fuels; coal, oil, natural Gas, Energy cost of
various modes of passenger & freight transportation.

Industrial energy analysis; Aluminum, Steel, Cement, Fertilizers. Energetic of materials
recycling, Energetic of Renewable Energy Utilization.

Energy and Exergy analysis of Thermal & Chemical Plants.

References:
1. Electrical Energy Systems: Theory & Introduction by L Olle Elgerd
2. Industrial Organization &Engineering Economics by T R Banga
3. Engineering Economics by R Pannersewan
4. Managerial Economics by Joel Deal


                          MEEM 301 (4): Industrial & Commercial Applications of  

Renewable Energy Sources -
 Renewable energy sources for Power Generation potential and application with regard to Indian
power scenario.

Commercial & industrial energy demand; qualitative & quantitative features and characteristics.

Renewable & electricity for growing economy:-Water heating, process heating and drying applications; solar biomass and geothermal energy
based systems, combined space and building service hot water systems.

Electricity generation from renewable to meet commercial & industrial power requirement.
Stand alone & grid connected systems.

Ethanol & methanol from cellulosic biomass, Use of renewable in commercial & industrial
building for load leveling, lighting and space heating and cooling.

Economics of renewable energy based commercial and industrial installations, case studies.

References:
1. Renewable Energy Technology and the Environment by Jayogh
2. Renewable Energy: Power for sustainable Future by Boyle
3. Renewable Energy sources by W John Twidell
4. Renewable Energy Technology – Ed. Pachauri, TERI
5. Renewable Energy Sources & their Environment Impact by S A Abbassi


                               MEEM 301 (5): SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT


Integrated Solid waste Management; Management option for solid Waste, Generation Rate
Variation, Waste Reduction at the sources Collection Techniques Materials and resources
Recovery/Recycling.

Municipal Solid waste: Characteristics (Physical, Biological and chemical) ;
Transport of Municipal Solid Waste, Routing and Scheduling ,Treatment Transformations and
disposal Techniques (Composting, Vermi Composting , Incineration, Refuse Derived fuels)

Ultimate Disposal: Sanitary Landfills. Norms, Rules and Regulations, Land Fill method of solid
waste disposal;, Layout & preliminary design of landfills;, Movement and control of landfill
leachate & gases.

Waste to energy options: combustion (unprocessed and processed fuel), gasification, anaerobic
digestion, pyrolysis.
Hazardous Waste: Sources, Generation and classification. Transportation, Treatment,&
disposal methods.

Hazardous Waste Minimization Reuse& Recycling. Cleanup of Contaminated Waste Sites,
Remediation of Hazardous waste contaminated soils, Engineering issues in waste remediation
case studies.

References:
1) Solid Waste Management Collection :A.D. Bhide and B.B. Sudershan
2) Solid Waste Engineering Principles, Tecobanoglous G.
3) Handbook of Solid Management, Frank Kreith, Mcgraw Hill,Inc USA
4) Solid waste Management- A practical approach by Manoj Datta
5) Energy form solid waste by Jackson
6) Refuse recycling and recovery by John R. Holmes
7) Handbook of Solid Waste Management Frank Kreith, Mcgraw Hill, Inc USA
8) Hand Book Environmental Engineering Vo12, Lawrence K.Wang and Worman C.
Pereira,The Human Press Clifton, New Jersey (1980)
9) Hand Book Environmental Engineering Vo1, I Liptak
10) Environmental Engineering by Peavy, Rowe Tchobanogolous
11) Manual on Solid Waste Management CPHEEO,GOI
12) Waste Management and Resource Recovery by Rhyner, Schwartz & Kohrell
13) Hazardous Air Pollutant Handbook Spicer Garden Holdren Kally Mukund
14) Basic Hazardous Waste Management by CRC Lews
15) An Introduction to Management & Regulation of Hazardous Waste by Moore
16) Basic Hazardous Waste Management by Willian C.Balckman ,Jr,Lewis (CRC)
17) Ramachandra T.V , 2006. Management of Municipal Solid Waste , Commonwealth of
Learning, Canada and Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.


                              MEEM 302(1): Energy Efficiency in Electrical Utilities -

Electrical system: Electricity billing, electrical load management and maximum demand control,
power factor improvement and its benefit, selection and location of capacitors, performance
assessment of PF capacitors, distribution and transformer losses. Energy audit in Electrical
Systems

Electric motors: Types, losses in induction motors, motor efficiency, factors affecting motor
performance, rewinding and motor replacement issues, energy saving opportunities with energy
efficient motors.

Compressed Air System: Types of air compressors, compressor efficiency, efficient compressor
operation, Compressed air system components, capacity assessment, leakage test, factors
affecting the performance and savings opportunities

HVAC and Refrigeration System: Vapor compression refrigeration cycle, refrigerants,
coefficient of performance, capacity, factors affecting Refrigeration and Air conditioning system
performance and savings opportunities.

Vapor absorption refrigeration system: Working principle, types and comparison with vapor
compression system, saving potential.

Fans and blowers: Types, performance evaluation, efficient system operation, flow control
strategies and energy conservation opportunities.

Pumps and Pumping System: Types, performance evaluation, efficient system operation, flow
control strategies and energy conservation opportunities.

Cooling Tower: Types and performance evaluation, efficient system operation, flow control
strategies and energy saving opportunities assessment of cooling towers.

Lighting System: Light source, choice of lighting, luminance requirements, and energy
conservation avenues.

Diesel Generating system: Factors affecting selection, energy performance assessment of diesel
conservation avenues. Energy audit in Mechanical Systems – Fans, Blowers, Compressors &
Pumps.

References:
1. Energy Auditing Made Simple by P Balsubramaniam
2. Power Plant Performance by A B Gill
3. An Introduction to Thermodynamics by Y V C Rao
4. Energy Management by W K Murphy & G Mckay
5. Energy Reduction through improved Maintenance Practices by Bannister
6. Energy Efficiency in Electrical Utilities by BEE


                    MEEM 302 (2): Environmental Audit & Impact Assessment -

Introduction: Origin and Development of Environmental Impact Assessment. (EIA),
Current Status of EIA.

Essential Components of EIA: Concepts, EIS, Disaster Management Plan Baseline Study,
Impact Prediction, Mitigation & Enhancement, Monitoring, and Conclusion.

National environmental policy, Methodology of environmental impact studies, Methods of
impact identification, Environmental setting, Production and assessment of impacts on the air
environment, Prediction and assessment of impacts on surface water, soil and ground water
environment, Socioeconomic environment, Evaluation alternatives, Public participation in
environmental decision making. EIA Legislation.

Environment Impact Statement & Environmental Management Plan for Selected Industries-Case
Studies on power plants, Cement industry, Iron & Steel, Chemical & Refinery.
Guidelines for Environmental Audit :Concepts and definitions of Environmental Audit, Audit
objectives , Scope, Types of Audit, Need for Environmental Audit , Application.

Key steps to Environmental Audit: Pre , Onsite & Post Environment audit activities. Audit
Procedure, Format of Environmental Audit.

References:
1 Environmental Impact Assessment- Larry W. Canter, University of Oklahoma- McGraw
Hill Company
2. Environment Impact Assessment, Clark D. Brain, Biesel Donald
3 EIA for Developing Countries, Biswas Asit K.
4 Environment Impact Assessment, W. Canter (II Edition)
5 EIA Guidelines 1994, Notification of Govt. of India Impact Assessment
Methodologies Publications Ltd. (1995)
6. Guidelines for environmental audit. By Central Pollution Control Board. DELHI, Place
and Publisher: Delhi : CPCB
7. Environmental audit and business strategy: Total quality approach by G. Ledgerwood,
TERI
8. A-Z organization of environmental audit by by A. Mehrotra, mpIIFM
9. Environmental audit (an overview), , Ashok Keshav Mhaskar, CSE
10. An outline of environmental audit by K. V. Bengeri, CSE
11. Environmental audit (an overview) by A. K. Mhaskar, CSE
12. Clarck KC Parks, B O, Crane ,MP “Geographic Information Systems and environmental
Modeling” Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd.2002.
13. Reddy, MA “Text book of remote sensing & GIS”, BS publications 2001.


                                 MEEM 302 (3): Project Evaluation & Management

Project Management: 
Definition and scope of project, technical design, financing, contracting,
implementation and performance monitoring.
Implementation plan for top management, Planning Budget, Procurement Procedures,

Construction, Measurement & Verification
Life cycle approach and analysis, conception, definition, planning, feasibility and analysis
environmental impact analysis, project planning matrix, aim oriented project planning.

Network analysis for project management- PERT, CPM and CERT. Fuzzy logic analysis,
stochastic based formulations.

Project evaluation techniques, funds planning, project material management, evaluation &
analysis, Implementation & monitoring, Performance indices, case studies.

References:
1. Projects Planning Analysis, Financiy by Prassanna Chandra
2. Pert/CPM and Project Management by S K Bhattacharjee


                          MEEM 302 (4): Environmental Modeling & Simulation

Modeling- 
Classification of Models; Model Based on Transport Phenomena-Principal &
Applications; Population Balance Models & Application; Empirical Models- Form of Empirical
Model, Model Parameters Estimation.
Simulation- General Techniques of Simulation, Monte Carlo Methods Comparison of Simulation
and Analytical Methods, Numerical Computational Techniques for Continuous and Discrete
Models, Distributed by Models, Cobweb Models, Simulation Study.

Environmental Modeling-I- 
Development of Environmental Model, Characteristics of Aquatic
Ecosystem, Overview of Groundwater Models and Model of Waste Water Treatment Plants.
Introduction, Characteristics Features and Classification of Eco-Toxicological Models.

Environmental Modeling-II- 
Models of Atmospheric Pollution, general consideration on
Modeling Air Pollution & Climate Change, Modeling Population Dynamics.

References:
1. Process Modeling, simulation & Control for Chemical Engineers by W.L. Lyben –
McGraw Hill
2. Introduction to Simulation by T.A. Payer
3. System simulation by G. Gordan- PHI
4. Fundamentals of Ecological Modelling by S.E. Jorgesen-Elsevier publication.
5. An Introduction to Mathematical Ecology by Pieloic E.C.- Wiley inter science
Publication
6. Energy Models beyond 2000 by Jyoti Parikh, Mumbai.
7. Operational research by Aspani, Seisani,
8. Energy Models by A.K.Desai
9. Operational Research by Bafaa.
10. Mathematical Modeling by J.N. Kapoor.


                         MEEM 302 (5): SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES


Solar Thermal Systems
Solar still, Solar cooker, Solar pond, Greenhouse technology: Fundamentals, design, modelling
and applications. Solar Thermal Power Systems ; Flat Plate Collector, Hot Air Collector,
Evacuated Tube Collector, Parabolic , Compound Parabolic and Fresnel Solar Concentrators,
Central Receiver System, Thermal Analysis of Collectors Performance of Solar Collectors.

Properties and Characteristics of Materials
Reflection from ideal specular, ideal diffuse and real surfaces; Selective Surfaces: Ideal coating
characteristics; Types and applications; Anti-reflective coating; Preparation and characterization.

Design & modelling of solar energy systems
Performances of solar collectors, F Chart method, φ– F Chart method; Utilizability modelling &
simulation of Solar Energy Systems.

Thermal applications of solar energy:
Solar Water Heating Systems (Active & Passive), Solar Space Heating & Cooling Systems,
Solar Industrial Process Heating Systems, Solar Dryers & distillation Systems, Methods of
modelling and design of Solar heating system, Cooling requirements of buildings, Vapour
absorption refrigeration cycle; Water, ammonia & lithium bromide-water absorption
refrigeration systems; Solar desiccant cooling; thermal power generation.
Storage and Economic analysis

Solar Thermal Energy Types: Sensible storage; Latent heat storage; Thermo-chemical storage;
Design of thermal storage system; Transport of energy.
Life cycle analysis of Solar Energy Systems; Time Value of Money; Evaluation of Carbon Credit
of Solar Energy Systems. Case studies of solar thermal plants.

Reference Books:
1. J.A.Duffie & W.A. Beckman: Solar Engineering of Thermal Process
2. S.A.Kalogirou: Solar Energy Engineering
3. Principles of Solar Engineering – F. Kreith and J.F. Kreider, (McGraw Hill Pub.)
4. Solar Energy Handbook – Kreider and Kreith ( McGraw Hill Book Company)
5. Solar Distillation : Malik, tiwari etc. ( Pergamon Press1982)
6. Solar Energy Engineering – A.A.M. Sayigh

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RGPV M.Pharmacy 1st Semester Syllabus

                              MODERN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES (MPY 101)

Theory

1. Theory, Instrumentation, Methods and Applications of VU Spectrophotometer.
2. Theory and Instrumentation of IR and FT-IR, its advantage and applications in Structural elucidation.

3. NMR, C13 NMR, Origin of spectra, Chemical shifts, Spin-spin coupling,Coupling constant, Instrumentation and application for Structural elucidation.

4. Mass spectra, Instrumentation, Fragmentation pattern and applications for Structural elucidation. Application of GC-Mass, HPLC-Mass for complex mixtures.

5. Theory, Instrumentation and application for the following:
i) Fluorescence
ii) X – Ray crystallography
iii) Atomic spectroscopy
iv) Ultra centrifugation
v) ESR
vi) Liquid Scintillation spectrometry
vii) Auto radio grapy

6. Separation Techniques; Fundamental principles, Basic instrumentation, Qualitative and Quantitative Pharmaceutical applications of Gas-liquid Chromatography, HPLC, HPTLC, Gel
Chromatography, Electrophoresis and Ion-pair Chromatography.

7. General Principle, instrumentation and application of optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and Circular dichroism (CD).

8. Immunoassay Techniques: Enzyme and Radioimmunoassay techniques. Theory, Methods and applications.

9. Thermal methods: Thermo Gravimetry (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA).

10. Principles and application of light, Phase contrast, Scanning and Transmission electron microscopy, Cytometry and Flow cytometry.

 
Books and References Recommended:
1. Florey, Analytical Profiles of Drugs, Vol.1-16.
2. Sinder, Text Book of HPLC.
3. McLafferty, Mass Spectrometry.
4. Rao,C.N., Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy for Chemical Application.
5. Silverstein, Basseler, Morril, Spectophotometrc Identification of Organic Compounds.
6. Rao,C.N., Chemical Application of Infrared Spectroscopy.
7. Weissberger, Physical Methods in Organic Chemistry.
8. Kiencz, B. and Dierasi, C., Interpretation of Mass Spectra of Organic Compounds.
9. Jackmann, Application of NMR Spectra to Organic Compounds.
10.Willard, Merrit and Dean, Instrumental Methods of Analysis.
11. Elliel, E.L., Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds.
12. Naahod, P., Physical Methods of Structure Determination.
13. Stahl, Thin Layer Chromatography.
14. Ewing, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis.
15. Block and Durrum, Paper Chromatography and Electrophoresis.
16. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.
17. Sirmer, Spectroscopic Analysis.



                        BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOINFORMATICS (MPY 102)

1. Genetics: Structure & Function of DNA, DNA Replication & Repair,Expression of Genetic Information: Structure & Function of RNA,Transcription, Genetic code, Translation, Post translational modification.

2. Recombinant DNA Technology: Constructing Recombinant DNA molecules Restriction enzymes, Vectors, Gene Cloning, Genomic libraries,Polymerase Chain reaction – based DNA cloning, Restriction mapping,Blotting techniques, DNA sequencing, Pharmaceutical applications of
recombinant DNA.

3.Gene Therapy: General Introduction, Potential target diseases for Gene therapy, Gene transfer methods, Clinical studies, Pharmaceutical production & Regulation.

4. Basics of Immunology, Monoclonal antibodies & Hybridoma technology & its Applications.
Vaccines – Conventional vaccines, Modern Vaccine technologies,Genetically improved live vaccines, Genetically improved subunit vaccines, Pharmaceutical considerations.

5. Fundamentals of Cell biology:Cell organization and plasma membrane: Transport of
substances across the membrane.Cellular reproduction: The Cell cycle, Mitosis & Meiosis,
Apoptosis.Cell Signaling: Communication between cells and their environment

6. Molecular biology of cancer: Causes of Cancer & Genetics of Cancer,New strategies for combating cancer.

7. Molecular, Structural and Chemical Biology in pharmaceutical research: Molecular biology of disease and invivo transgenic models,Genomic protein targets and recombinant therapeutics, Structural biology and rational drug design, Chemical biology and Molecular diversity, Gene
therapy & DNA/ RNA targeted therapeutics. Future of pharmaceutical
research.

8. Introduction to Bioinformatics: Biological databases, Sequence
analysis, Protein structure, Genetic and physical mapping, Application of
bioinformatics in pharmaceutical industries.

9. Biostatistics – Graphical representation of Data, Descriptive statistics,
Normal distribution, Probability distribution, Sampling & Sampling plans.

Recommended Readings

1. Lehninger ., Principles of Biochemistry

2. Karp, G.,Cell & Molecular Biology.

3. Crommelin, D.J., A., and Sindelar R.D., Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.

4. Templeton N.S., and Lasic. D.D., Gene Therapy.

5. Benjamin Lewin, Genes.

6. Watson and Trooze, Recombinant DNA Techniques

7. Lesk., Introduction to Bioinformatiics.

8. Watson, Molecular Biology of cell.

9. Old and Primrose, Principles of Gene Manipulations.

10. Watson, J.D., Gilman, M., Recombinant DNA Technology

11. Baxevanis, A.D., Frana, Duelette, B.F.,Bioinformatics

 12. Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewin, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P.molecular biology of the cell

13. Paul, W.E, Fundamentals of Immunology

14. Klug, W.S., Cummings, M.R., Essentials of Genetics

15. Glick, B.R., Pasternak, J.J., Molecular Biotechnology

16. Walker, J.M., Ripley, R., Molecular biology and Biotechnology

17. Bolton, S., Pharmaceutical Statistics.

DRA, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE (MPY -103)

Theory
1. Requirements of GMP, CGMP, GLP, USFDA, WHO guidelines and ISO 9000 Series.

2. Drugs and Cosmetics Acts and Rules, Drug Regulatory Affairs.

3. Documentation – Protocols, Forms and Maintenance of records in Pharmaceutical industry.

4. Clinical Trials and toxicological evaluation of drugs. Preparation of documents for New Drug Approval and Export Registration.

5. Processing and its application, Intellectual Property Rights (Patent,Copy right and Trade marks).

6. Sewage disposal and Pollution control.
7. Concepts in Validation, Validation of manufacturing, Analytical and Process validation and its Application.

8. Basic concept of Quality Control and Quality Assurance systems,Source and Control of Quality variation of Raw materials, Containers, Closures, Personnel, Environmental, etc.

9. In process quality control tests, IPQC problems in Pharmaceutical industries. ICH Guidelines

10. Sampling plans, Sampling and Characteristic curves.

11. Master formula generation and Maintenance, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for different dosage forms.

Books and References Recommended:
1. Willing, Tuckerman and Hitching, Good Manufacturing Practices for
Pharmaceuticals.
2. Drugs and Cosmetic Acts and Rules.
3. Bharathi, Drugs and Pharmacy Laws in India.
4. Patel, Industrial Microbiology.
5. Loftus, B.T. and Nash,R.A., Pharmaceutical Process Validation.
6. Bolton, S., Pharmaceutical Statistics.
7. Banker, G.S. and Rhodes, C.T., Modern Pharmaceutics.
8. OPPI, Quality Assurance.
9. Carletiori, Validation of Aseptic Pharmaceutical Process.
10. Garfield, Quality Assurance Principles for Analytical Laboratories.
11. Indian Pharmacopoeia.
12. British Pharmacopoeia.
13. United State Pharmacopoeia.


                       PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATION (MPY-104)


Theory

1. Preformulation studies: Study of physical, chemical and pharmaceutical factors influencing formulation of drugs.

2. Formulation additives: Study of formulation additives, Drug –Excipient, Excipient - Excipient interactions and Incompatibilities.

3. Solubilization: Theory of solubilization, methods of solubility enhancement and factor influencing solubility. Solids dispersion.

4. Dissolution Technology: Design of dissolution apparatus, dissolution media, dissolution testing of different types of dosage formulations,data interpretation, in-vitro and in-vivo correlation.

5. Tablets: Recent advances in tablet technology and automation in manufacturing process, formulation and evaluation of dispersible,effervescent, floating and multilayers tablets.

6. Formulation consideration and evaluation: Parenterals and Ophthalmics.

7. Polymers: Classification, General method of synthesis, Properties,Characterization, Evaluation and Application in pharmacy. A detail account of biodegradable polymers.

8. Nutraceuticals: Introduction, formulations, uses, recent developments and law governing nutraceuticals.

9. Pharmaceutical packaging: Packaging materials, type and tests of containers and closures, Pilot plant scale up technique.

10. Drug stability: Stability study programmes for formulations.Determination of Expiry date (shelf life) and Overage calculations.Stability indicating assays and ICH guidelines for stability.

11. OptimizationTechniques: Computers in pharmacy, Optimization techniques, Computer aided drug formulations.

Books and References Recommended:
1. Swarbrick, J. and Boyran, J. C., Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology” Vol.1-3, Marcel Dekkar, Inc., New York.

2. Gennaro, A.R., Remington’s “The Science and practice of Pharmacy”, Lippincot, Wiliams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.

3. Aulton, M.E., “Pharmaceutics- The science of doses form design”,Churchill Livingstone, London.

4. Carstersen, J.T., “Drug stability: Principal & practice”, Marcel Dekker, Inc., NY

5. Banker and Rhodes, Modern Pharmaceutics. Marcel Dekker Inc. NY.

 6. Liium, L. and Davis, S.S., “Polymers in controlled drug delivery”,Wright Bristol.

7. Kibbe, “ Hand book of Pharmaceutical Excipients., Pharmaceutical Press, London.

8. Lachmen, L. & Lieberman, H.A., “ Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy”, Verghese publishing house, Bombay.

9. Martin, Physical Pharmacy.

10. Lieberman, H.A. & Lachmen, L., “ Pharmaceutical Dosage forms –Dispersed Systems’’ Vol.1-3 ,Marcel Dekker, Inc., NY.

11. Avise, K. E. & Lachmen, L., “ Pharmaceutical Dosage forms –“Parenteral Medications’’ Vol.1-3 ,Marcel Dekker, Inc., NY.

12. Lieberman, H.A. & Lachmen, L., “ Pharmaceutical Dosage forms –Tablets’’ Vol.1-3 ,Marcel Dekker, Inc., NY.

13. Yalkowsky,S.H.” Techniques of Solubilization of drugs”, Marcel Dekker, Inc., NY.

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RGPV M.Tech Information Technology 3rd Semester (Grading System) Syllabus

                                             MCIT – 301(A) Ad-hoc Networks 


1. Ad Hoc Networking : An introduction, Model of operation, symmetric Links, Layer-2 Ad Hoc solutions, Proactive
versus reactive protocols, multicast, commercial Applications of Ad Hoc networking, conferencing, Home Networking,
Emergency services, personal Area Networks and Bluetooth, Embedded Computing Applications, Sensor Dust,
Automotive/PC Interaction. Factors Affecting Ad Hoc Networks, Scalability, Wireless Data Rates, DARPA packet
Radio network, Survivable Radio Networks.

2. Ad Hoc Wireless Media Access Protocols: Issues in Designing a MAC protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless networks.
Design Goals of a MAC Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks. Classifications of MAC Protocols. Contention-Based
Protocols, Contention-Based Protocols with reservation Mechanisms. Contention –Based MAC Protocols with
Scheduling Mechanisms. MAC protocols that use Directional Antennas. Other MAC Protocols.

3. Overview of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols: Table-Driven Approaches, Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV),
Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP), Cluster Switch Gateway Routing (CSGR) , Source-Initiated On –Demand
Approaches . Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) , Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) , Temporally
Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), Signal Stability Routing (SSR) , Location-Aided Routing (LAR) , Power –
Aware Routing (PAR), Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), Source Tree Adaptive Routing (STAR) , Relative Distance
Microdiversity Routing (RDMAR) , Multicast Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Existing Ad Hoc Multicast
Routing Protocols, ABAM : Associativity-Based Ad Hoc Multicast.

4. Transport Layer for Ad Hoc Wireless Network : Introduction , Issues in Designing a Transport Layer Protocol for
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Design Goals of a Transport Layer Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Classification
of Transport Layer Solutions, TCP Over Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Other Transport Layer Protocols for Ad Hoc
Wireless Networks.

5. Quality of service in Ad-hoc wireless networks: Issues and challenges in providing QoS in Ad Hoc Wireless
Networks, Classification of QoS Solutions, MAC Layer Solutions, MAC Layer Solutions, Network Layer Solutions,
Qos Frameworks for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks.

6. Energy Conservation : Power Life Issues: Power Management, Advances in Device Power Management, Advances
in Protocol Power Management, Power Conservation by mobile Applications, Periodic Beaconing On Battery Life,
Standalone Beaconing, HF Beaconing with Neighboring Nodes, Comparison of HF Beaconing with and without
Neighbors, LF Beaconing with Neighboring Nodes, Comparison of LF Beaconing with and without Neighbors,
Deductions, Conclusions, Smart Batteries and Battery Characteristics, Effects of Beaconing on Battery Life.

7. Sensor Network: Sensor Network Architecture, Network Protocols, Data Storage and Manipulation, Localization and
Management, Data Dissemination, Data Gathering, MAC protocols for Sensor Networks, Location Discovery, Quality
of a Sensor Network, Evolving Standards.

8. Security issues in Ad Hoc Network: Security in Ad Hoc Wireless Network, Network Security Requirements, Issues
and Challenges in Security Provisioning, Network Security Attacks, Key Management, and Secure Routing in Ad Hoc
Wireless Networks.

Books Suggested
1. Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks : Protocols and Systems, C. K. Toh, Springer.
2. Ad Hoc Network, C E Perkins, Pearson Education.
3. Ad Hoc Wireless Networks : Architectures and protocols, C, Siva Ram Murthy and B.S. Manoj, Pearson Education.



                                          MCIT – 301(B) Data Mining and Warehousing


Introduction : Data Mining: Definitions, KDD v/s Data Mining, DBMS v/s Data Mining , DM techniques,
Mining problems, Issues and Challenges in DM, DM Application areas.
Association Rules & Clustering Techniques: Introduction, Various association algorithms like A Priori,
Partition, Pincer search etc., Generalized association rules. Clustering paradigms; Partitioning algorithms like KMethod,

CLARA, CLARANS; Hierarchical clustering, DBSCAN, BIRCH, CURE; categorical clustering
algorithms, STIRR, ROCK, CACTUS.
 
Other DM techniques & Web Mining: Application of Neural Network, AI, Fuzzy logic and Genetic algorithm,

Decision tree in DM. Web Mining, Web content mining, Web structure Mining, Web Usage Mining.
Temporal and spatial DM: Temporal association rules, Sequence Mining, GSP, SPADE, SPIRIT, and WUM
algorithms, Episode Discovery, Event prediction, Time series analysis.
Spatial Mining, Spatial Mining tasks, Spatial clustering, Spatial Trends.

Data Mining of Image and Video : A case study. Image and Video representation techniques, feature extraction,
motion analysis, content based image and video retrieval, clustering and association paradigm, knowledge
discovery.
The vicious cycle of Data mining, data mining methodology, measuring the effectiveness of data mining data
mining techniques. Market baskets analysis, memory based reasoning, automatic cluster detection, link analysis,
artificial neural networks, generic algorithms, data mining and corporate data warehouse, OLAP

Reference Books :
1. Data Mining Techniques ; Arun K.Pujari ; University Press.
2. Data Mining; Adriaans & Zantinge; Pearson education.
3. Mastering Data Mining; Berry Linoff; Wiley.
4. Data Mining; Dunham; Pearson education.
5. Text Mining Applications, Konchandy, Cengage


                      
                                             MCIT – 301(C) Web Engineering

Introduction: layering, DNS - encapsulation, de-multiplexing, client /server model, port numbers,
standardization process, the Internet. Link layer: introduction, Ethernet and IEEE 802 encapsulation, trailer
encapsulation, SLIP, PPP- Loop back interface, MTU. Internet protocol: introduction, IP header, IP routing,
subnet addressing, subnet Mask special case of IP addresses, a subnet example.
Address Resolution Protocol: Introduction, an example, ARP cache, ARP packet format, ARP examples, Proxy
ARP, ARP command. RARP: Introduction, RARP packet format, RARP examples, RARP server design. ICMP:
Introduction, ICMP message types, ICMP address mask request and reply-ICMP timestamp request and reply-

4.4 BSD processing of ICMP Messages.
Ping Program: Introduction, ping program, IP record route option, IP time stamp option. Trace route program:
Introduction, trace route program operation, LAN output, and WAN output- IP source routing option. IP routing:
Introduction, routing principles, ICMP host, and ICMP redirect errors. Dynamic Routing protocols: introduction,
dynamic routing, RIP-OSPF, BGP, CIDR.

UDP: introduction, UDP header, UDP checksum, IP Fragmentation, UDP Server design. DNS Introductionbasics,
message format, simple example, pointer quires, resource records, caching, UDP. TFTP: introduction,
protocol, security. BOOTP: introduction, packet format, server design, through router.

TCP: Introduction, services, headers, connection establishment and termination, timeout of connection
establishment- maximum segment size- half, close, state transition diagram, reset segments, simultaneous open
and close- options, server design.

SNMP Introduction, protocol, structure of management information, object identifiers, management information
base, instance identification. Telnet: rlogin protocols, examples, telnet protocol and examples. FTP, protocol,
examples, SMTP protocols, examples, NFS, TCP/IP Applications.

Reference Books :
1. W. Richard Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated Volume-I "The Protocols ", Addison W 2
2. Jaiswal .S, TCP\IP Principles, Architecture, Protocols And Implementation, First Edition,
Galgotia Publications Pvt Ltd.



                                 MCIT – 302(A) Software Testing & Quality Assurance


Introduction to software testing, concepts, issues and techniques, test activities, management and
automation, Coverage and usage testing based on checklist, input domain portioning and boundary testing,

object oriented testing: testing OOA and OOD models, object oriented testing strategies, test case design for OO
software, testing methods applicable at the class level, interclass test case design, Web application testing,
debugging, security & reliability.

Programming style and program quality: simple style rules, comment statements, program quality,
quantifying program quality, Software quality and quality Assurance: Principle of Software Quality Assurance
(SQA), Applying SQA to software project, proven factors for SQA success, SQA during software requirements,

SQA during software design phase, SQA during software code and test, Advance quality engineering topics.

Human factors in software engineering: Human factors history, HCL requirements and design process,
HCL testing.


Reference Books: 
1. Ali Behforooz and Frederick J. Hudson, Software Engineering Fundamentals, Oxford University Press
2. JeffTain, Software Quality Engineering: Testing, Quality Assurance and Quantifiable improvement,
Willy Pub.
3. Aditya Mathur, Foundation of Software Testing 1/e, Pearson Education
4. Paul C. Jorgensen, Software Testing, A Craftsman’s Approach, Second Edition, CRC Press


                                        MCIT – 302(B) Digital Image Processing

Unit I
Image capture and digitization, Image Representation, data structures for picture representation Image
 
Unit II
Transformation, Fast Fourier Transform, Walsh Transform, Hadmark Transform, Hotelling Transform, Hough
 
Unit III
Transform. Boundary detection, Image Enhancement, Spatial Domain, Frequency Domain, Histogram, Low Pass

Unit IV
Filtering, High Pass Filtering, Thresh olding, Global Thrsholding. Texture analysis, texture classification feature

Unit V
 Extraction, rule-based picture segmentation. Introduction to Color Images, Representation, Segmentation.

Reference Books :
1. "Digital Image Processing"- R.C.Gonzalez and P.Wintex,Addison weslay.
2. "Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing"- A.K.Jain, Prentice Hall,India.
3. Image Processing analysiss and Machine Vision, Cengage


                                                    MCIT – 302(C) Grid Computing
 
UNIT – I
The Grid - The Evolution of the Grid - Grids and Grid Technologies, Overview of Grid systems, Grid activities,
Grid Business Areas, Applications, Programming models -A Look at a Grid Enabled Server and Parallelization
Techniques – Grid applications

UNIT – II
The concept of virtual organizations – Grid architecture – Grid architecture and relationship to other Distributed
Technologies – computational and data Grids, semantic grids.

UNIT – III
Grid Management systems, Grid security, Grid-Enabling software and Grid enabling network services, Data
Grid - Virtualization Services for Data Grids, Peer-to-Peer Grids - Peer-to-Peer Grid Databases for Web Service
Discovery, Merging the Grid service Architecture with Web service Architecture, Relationship between Web
services & Grid services

UNIT – IV
Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI):Introduction-Grid services- High-level introduction to OGSITechnical
details- Introduction to service data components- Grid service: Naming & change management
recommendations, Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA):OGSA Basic Services: Common Management
model (CMM)-service domains- policy architecture- security architecture- Mastering & Accounting- common
distributed Logging

UNIT – V
Grid Middleware, Resource management and scheduling, setting up Grid, deployment of Grid software and
tools, and application execution, Compilers, Languages and Libraries for the Grid, Grid Application Description
Languages, Application Partitioning, Grid Portals

REFERENCES:
1. Joshy Joseph, Craig Fallenstein, "Grid Computing", Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2004.
2. Fran Bermn, Geoffrey Fox, Anthony Hey J.G., "Grid Computing: Making the Global Infrastructure a
Reality", Wiley, USA, 2003.
3. Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, "The Grid2: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure", Morgan Kaufman,
New Delhi, 2004
4. Ahmar Abbas, "Grid Computing: Practical Guide to Technology and Applications", Delmar Thomson
Learning, USA, 2004.

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RGPV M.Tech Computer Science 3rd Semester (Grading System) Syllabus

                             MCSE 301 (A) – Data Warehousing & Mining

Introduction : Data Mining: Definitions, KDD v/s Data Mining, DBMS v/s Data Mining , DM
techniques, Mining problems, Issues and Challenges in DM, DM Application areas.
Association Rules & Clustering Techniques: Introduction, Various association
algorithms like A Priori, Partition, Pincer search etc., Generalized association rules.
Clustering paradigms; Partitioning algorithms like K-Medioid, CLARA, CLARANS;
Hierarchical clustering, DBSCAN, BIRCH, CURE; categorical clustering algorithms, STIRR,
ROCK, CACTUS.

Other DM techniques & Web Mining: Application of Neural Network, AI, Fuzzy logic
and Genetic algorithm, Decision tree in DM. Web Mining, Web content mining, Web
structure Mining, Web Usage Mining.
Temporal and spatial DM: Temporal association rules, Sequence Mining, GSP,
SPADE, SPIRIT, and WUM algorithms, Episode Discovery, Event prediction, Time series
analysis.

Spatial Mining, Spatial Mining tasks, Spatial clustering, Spatial Trends.
Data Mining of Image and Video : A case study. Image and Video representation
techniques, feature extraction, motion analysis, content based image and video retrieval,
clustering and association paradigm, knowledge discovery.
 
Reference Books :
1. Data Mining Techniques ; Arun K.Pujari ; University Press.
2. Data Mining; Adriaans & Zantinge; Pearson education.
3. Mastering Data Mining; Berry Linoff; Wiley.
4. Data Mining; Dunham; Pearson education.
5. Text Mining Applications, Konchandy, Cengage


                                    MCSE 302 (A) – Network Security


Convention Encryption : Conventional Encryption Model , Steganography , Classical
Encryption Techniques, Simplified DES , Block Cipher Principles , The Data Encryption
Standard, The Strength of DES , Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis, Block Cipher Design
Principles, Block Cipher Modes of operation, Conventional Encryption algorithms

Public Key Encryption And Hash Functions
Public Key Cryptography , Principles of Public Key Cryptosystems , The RSA Algorithm ,
Key Management , Diffie Hellman Key Exchange , Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Message Authentication and Hash Functions
Authentication Requirements, Authentication Functions, Message Authentication Codes ,
Hash Functions , Security of Hash Functions

Hash And Mac Algorithms
MD5 Message Digest Algorithm , Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-I) , RIPEMD , HMAC

Digital Signatures and Authentication Protocols
Digital Signatures , Authentication Protocols -Digital Signature Standard
Authentication Applications , IP Security , Web Security
Intruders, Viruses and Worms
Intruders , Viruses and Related Threats
Firewalls
Firewall Design Principles , Trusted Systems

Reference Books :
1. William Stallings, “ Cryptography and Network Security”, Second edition, Prentice Hall,
1999.
2. Atul Kahate, “ Cryptography and Network Security,” TMH
3. William Stallings,"Cryptography and Network Security",Third Edition, Pearson Ed
4. Introduction to network security, Krawetz, Cengage


                                MCSE- 302 (B) Simulation and Modeling


Introduction to modeling and simulation: Modeling and simulation methodology, system
modeling , concept of simulation, continuous and discrete time simulation.

Basic concept of probability and random variables continuous and discrete random
variables, distribution of random variables: discrete and continuous, Compartmental
models: linear, nonlinear and stochastic models.

Introduction to Queuing Theory: Characteristics of queuing system, Poisson's formula, birthdeath
system, equilibrium of queuing system, analysis of M/M/1 queues. Application of
queuing theory in computer system like operating systems, computer networks etc.

System Dynamics modeling: Identification of problem situation , preparation of causal loop
diagrams and flow diagrams, equation writing, level and rate relationship. Simulation of
system dynamics models.

Verification and validation: Design of simulation experiments, validation of experimental
models, testing and analysis. Simulation languages comparison and selection, study of
Simulation sw -SIMULA, DYNAMO, STELLA, POWERSIM.

Reference Books :
1. Gorden G., System simulation, Printice Hall.
2. Payer T., Introduction to system simulation, McGraw Hill.
3. Seila, Applied Simulation Modeling, Cengage
4. Spriet, Computer Aided Modeling and Simulation, W.I.A.
5. Sushil, System Dynamics, Wiley Eastern Ltd. 23
6. Shannon R.E., System simulation, Prentice Hall

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RGPV M.Tech Digital Communication 3rd Semester (Grading System) Syllabus

                            MEDC – 301(A) Information Theory & Coding


Unit 1
Introduction to uncertainty, information, entropy and its properties, entropy of binary memory less
source and its extension to discrete memory less source, coding theorem, data compression, prefix
coding, HUFFMAN coding, Lempel-Ziv Coding
 
Unit 2
Discrete memory less channels, Binary symmetric channel, mutual information & its properties,
channel capacity, channel coding theorem, and its application to BSC, Shannon’s theorem on channel
capacity, capacity of channel of infinite bandwidth, Bandwidth signal to noise Trade off, Practical
communication system in light of shannon’s theorem, Fading Channel.
 
Unit 3
Group and field of Binary system Galois field and its construction in GF (2m) and its basic properties,vector spaces and matrices in GF(2), Linear Block Codes, Systematic codes, and its encoding
circuits, syndrome and error detection ,minimum distance, error detecting and correcting capabilities
of block code, Decoding circuits, Probability of undetected error for linear block code in BSC
,Hamming code and their applications.
 
Unit 4
Cyclic codes and its basic properties, Generator & parity check matrix of cyclic codes, encoding &
decoding circuits, syndrome computation & error detection, cyclic Hamming codes.
 
Unit 5
Introduction to BCH codes, its encoding & decoding, error location & correction.
Introduction to convolution codes, its construction & viterbi algorithm for maximum likelihood
decoding.

Reference Books:
1. Digital Communication by Haykins Simon Wiley Publ.
2. Error control Coding: Theory and Application, by Shu Lin and Cosstlello,PHI
3. Modern analog and Digital Communication system, by B.P. Lathi
4. Digital Communication by Sklar, Pearson Education
5. Principal of Communication system by Taub & Schilling, TMH
6. Error Correcting Codes by Peterson W., MIT Press
7. Digital Communication by Carson,MGH
8. Digital Communication by Proakis,TMH


                          MEDC – 302(A) Advanced Digital Communication
 
Unit 1
Introduction to digital modulation technique and their spectral characteristics, optimum receivers for
signals corrupted by AWGN and their performance for memory less channel, optimum receivers for
PCM, regenerative repeaters and link budget analysis.

Unit 2
Estimation of signal parameters, carrier phase and symbol timings.
Signal design band limited channels and their characterization, probability of error in detection PAM
with zero ISI, modulation codes for spectrum spacing.

Unit 3
Optimum receivers for channels with ISI and AWGN, linear equalization and decision feed back
equalization, adaptive linear and adaptive decision feed back equalizer.

Unit 4
Multi channel and multi carrier systems, spread spectrum signals for digital communication, direct
sequence spread spectrum signals and frequency hopped spread spectrum signals and their
performances, OFDM.

Unit5
Characterization of fading multi path channels, frequency non-selective slowly padding channels,
diversity techniques for padding multi path channels, coded waveform for padding channels and their
application.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
Digital Communication by Proakis TMH
Digital Communication by Glover and Grantt PHI
Digital Communication by Simon Haykins


                           MEDC – 302(B) Optical Instrumentation & Measurement
 
Unit 1
Optical Instrument: Optical Time Domain Reflector, Optical low Coherence Reflect meter, Optical
Spectrum Analyzer Optical power and energy meter, Monochrometer, CCD, Ellipsometer,
transducer, Lock in Amplifier, Box car Average.
 
Unit 2
Fiber Optics Component and Devices: Direction Couplers, beam splitters, switches, modulations,
connectors, couplers, polarizer, polarization controllers, amplifiers, fiber laser, reflector, wavelength
filters, polarizing beam splitter, wavelength division multiplexes, fiber optic isolator etc.
 
Unit 3
Fiber optic sensors: Pressure, temperature, strain, Magnetic & Electric field sensors based on
characteristics like intensity, phase, polarization, frequency and wavelength of light wave

Unit 4
Fiber optic Measurement: Introduction to measurement techniques
i) Multimode Fiber: Refractive Index Profile, Geometric Measurement, Numerical Aperture, Total
Attenuation, Scattering Loss and differential mode loss, Non destructive loss Measurement
(OTDR), Transmission Bandwidth and dispersion, Bandwidth of Jointed fiber, Differential Mode
Delay (DMD)
ii) Single Mode Fiber: Attenuation, Refractive Index Profile (RIP), Mode Field Diameter, Equivalent
step Index (EXI) Profile, Mode Cut off Wave length and the Single Mode operating regime,
Dispersion, Birefringenence Measurement, Measurement of the Propagation constant of fiber mode

Reference Books:
1. Optical Fiber Communication By S. Senior
2. Fiber Optics Measurement By A. Ghatak, M.R. Shenoy
3. Fundamental Of Fiber Optics in Telecommunication & Sensors Systems
4. Introduction to Fiber Optics By A. Ghatak and Tyagrajan
5. Optical Fiber Sensors system And Application By B. Culshaw

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RGPV B.E Information Technology 7th Semester ( Grading System) Syllabus

                                   IT- 701 – Object Oriented Analysis and Design 



Unit I: 
Overview of Object Oriented concepts: Objects and classes, abstraction, generalization and inheritance, encapsulation, multiple inheritance, aggregation abstraction classes, polymorphism, link and association, Need for object oriented approach

Unit II:
System design life cycle, object oriented S/W development process model, Object Oriented Analysis, Object Modeling Technique (OMT): object model, function model, relationship among models, object diagrams, state diagrams, data flow diagrams, analysis.

Unit III: 
Object oriented Design: Overview of object design, Combination the models, Designing algorithms, design optimization, Implementation of control, Adjustment, Design of association, object representation, physical packaging, documenting design decision, comparison of use-case driven approach.

Unit IV: 
Translation Object Oriented design into implementation, Programming style, Documentation, characterization of object oriented languages, Comparison of object oriented language like C++, JAVA, object programming.

Unit V: 
Unified Modeling Language (UML): Class diagram sequence diagram Use case diagram, Collaboration, diagram, state, chart diagram, Activity diagram, component diagram, deployment diagram, Object oriented Database: Relational Vs .object oriented database, the architecture of object oriented database, query language for Object Oriented database.


List of Experiment:-
1.Draw Object, state, Data flow Diagram of ATM.
2.Draw Object, state, Data flow Diagram of Telephone Call.
3.Draw Object, state, Data flow Diagram of Library Information System.
4.Draw Object, state, Data flow Diagram of Airline reservation System.
5.Draw Object, state, Data flow Diagram of Calculator.  Draw Object, state, Data flow Diagram of College Management system.
6.Draw Object, state, Data flow Diagram of Payroll System.
7.Draw Object, state, Data flow Diagram of Railway Reservation system.
8.Draw Object, state, Data flow Diagram of Online Sales.
9.Draw Object, state, Data flow Diagram of Examination result display System of a University.      





                               IT- 702 – Wireless & Mobile Computing     


Unit I: 
Antenna , variation pattern, antenna types, antenna gain, propagation modes, types of fading. Model for wireless digital communication, multiple access technique-SDMA, TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, DAMA, PRMA, MAC/CA, Cellular network organization, operations of cellular system, mobile radio propogation effects, , handoff, power control, sectorization, traffic engineering, Infinite sources, lost calls cleared, grade of service, poison arrival process

Unit II: 
GSM- Services, system architecture, radio interface, logical channels, protocols, localization and calling, handover, security, HSCSD, GPRS-architecture, Interfaces, Channels, mobility management DECT, TETRA, UMTS.

Unit III: 
IEEE 802.11: LAN-architecture, 802.11 a, b and g, protocol architecture, physical layer, MAC layer , MAC management, HIPERLAN-protocol architecture, physical layer, access control sub layer, MAC sub layer. Bluetooth-user scenarios- physical layer, MAC layer.

Unit IV: 
Mobile IP, DHCP, Ad hoc networks: Characteristics, performance issue, routing in mobile host. Wireless sensor network, Mobile transport layer: Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile TCP, Time out freezing, Selective retransmission, transaction oriented TCP. Introduction to WAP.

Unit V: 
Intruders, Intrusion detection, password management, viruses and related threads, worms, trojan horse defense, difference biometrics and authentication system, firewall design principle.




                                           IT- 703 – Cloud Computing   


Unit-I 
Introduction: Historical development ,Vision of Cloud Computing, Characteristics of cloud computing as per NIST , Cloud computing reference model ,Cloud computing environments, Cloud services requirements, Cloud and dynamic infrastructure, Cloud Adoption and rudiments .Overview of cloud applications: ECG Analysis in the cloud, Protein structure prediction, Gene Expression Data Analysis ,Satellite Image Processing ,CRM and ERP ,Social networking .

Unit-II 
Cloud Computing Architecture: Cloud Reference Model, Types of Clouds, Cloud Interoperability & Standards, Scalability and Fault Tolerance, Cloud Solutions: Cloud Ecosystem, Cloud Business Process Management, Cloud Service Management. Cloud Offerings: Cloud Analytics, Testing Under Control, Virtual Desktop Infrastructure.  

Unit –III
Cloud Management & Virtualization Technology: Resiliency, Provisioning, Asset management,Conceps of Map reduce , Cloud Governance, High Availability and Disaster Recovery. Virtualization: Fundamental concepts of compute ,storage, networking, desktop and application virtualization .Virtualization benefits, server virtualization, Block and file level storage virtualization  Hypervisor management software, Infrastructure Requirements , Virtual LAN(VLAN) and Virtual SAN(VSAN) and their benefits .  

Unit-IV 
Cloud Security:   Cloud Information security fundamentals, Cloud security services, Design principles, Secure Cloud Software Requirements, Policy Implementation, Cloud Computing Security Challenges, Virtualization security Management, Cloud Computing Secutity Architecture .  

Unit-V 
Market Based Management of Clouds , Federated Clouds/Inter Cloud: Characterization & Definition ,Cloud Federation Stack , Third Party Cloud Services . Case study : Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure , Hadoop , Amazon , Aneka  

List of Experiments: 
1. Installation and configuration of Hadoop/Euceliptus etc.
2. Service deployment & Usage over cloud.
3. Management of cloud resources.
4. Using existing cloud characteristics & Service models .
5. Cloud Security Management.
6. Performance evaluation of services over cloud .
 



                  IT 704 Elective –I (IT- 710- Advanced Concepts In Database Systems)  



Unit I: 
An overview of database, The Extended Entity Relationship Model and Object Model: The ER model revisited, Motivation for complex data types, User defined abstract data types and structured types, Subclasses, Super classes, Inheritance, Specialization and Generalization, Constraints and characteristics of specialization and Generalization, Relationship types of degree higher than two.

Unit II: 
Query Processing, Optimization & Database Tuning: Algorithms For Executing Query Operations. Heuristics For Query Optimizations, Estimations of Query Processing Cost, Join Strategies for Parallel Processors, Database Workloads, Tuning Decisions, DBMS Benchmarks, Clustering & Indexing, Multiple Attribute Search Keys, Query Evaluation Plans, Pipelined Evaluations, System Catalogue in RDBMS.

Unit III: 
Distributed Database System: Structure of Distributed Database, Data Fragmentation, Data Model, Query Processing, Semi Join, Parallel & Pipeline Join, Distributed Query Processing In R * System, Concurrency Control In Distributed Database System, Recovery In Distributed Database System, Distributed Deadlock Detection and Resolution, Commit Protocols.

Unit IV: 
Enhanced Data Model For Advanced Applications: Database Operating System, Introduction to Temporal Database Concepts, Spatial And Multimedia Databases, Data Mining, Active Database System, Deductive Databases, Database Machines, Web Databases, Advanced Transaction Models, Issues in Real Time Database Design.

Unit V: 
Accessing databases from Web, JavaScript, JDBC, Java Servlets , database technology to Web related areas such as semi-structured databases and data integration, XML, XQuery, XPath, XML Schemas, distributed database design, distributed database transactions, and distributed query processing




                           IT 704 Elective –I (IT- 711- Simulation and Modeling)   



Unit I: 
PHYSICAL MODELING: Concept of system and environment, continuous and discrete system, linear and nonlinear system, stochastic activities, static and dynamic models, principles used in modeling, Basic simulation modeling, Role of simulation in model evaluation and studies, Advantages and Disadvantages of simulation. Modeling of systems, Iconic, analog and Mathematical Modeling.

Unit II:
COMPUTER BASED SYSTM SIMULATION: Technique of simulation, Monte Carlo method, experimental nature of simulation, numerical computation techniques, calumnious system models, analog and hybrid simulation, feedback systems, Buildings simulation models- Financial Model for an office Building, Sensitivity analysis for office building Model.

Unit III: 
SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING: Identification of problem situation, Exponential Growth Model and Decay Model, Logistic Curve, System Dynamic Diagrams, Simulation of System Dynamics- Waiting Times in Single Server Queuing System.

Unit IV: 
PROBABILITY CONCEPTS IN SIMULATION: Stochastic variables, discrete and continuous probability functions, Distributed Random numbers, generation of random numbers-Uniform and Non Uniform Random numbers, variance reduction techniques-Introduction, Common Random numbers- Rationale, Applicability and Synchronization.

Unit V:
SIMULATION SOFTWARE: Introduction, Comparison of Simulation Package with Programming Languages, Classification of Simulation Software, Desirable Software features, General Purpose Simulation Package-ARENA, EXTEND, Study of SIMULA, DYNAMO,





                          IT 704 Elective –I (IT- 712- Human-Computer Interaction)   



Unit I: 
Introduction, Human Computer Interaction (HCI) concepts and definitions, Nature of interaction human and Machine, interaction design, understanding and conceptualizing interaction, understanding users, interfaces and interactions, data gathering.

Unit II: 
Introduction to User Centered System Design (UCSD), Natural computing, user centered system design, core concepts, interactive design and its strength and weakness, types of user model, user model and evaluation, Heuristic evaluation.

Unit III:
Psychological user models. Black box models of human performance, including perception, motor control, memory and problem-solving. Quantitative analysis of performance. Human processor, keystroke level model, and GOMS descriptions of user performance.

Unit IV: 
Modeling of system understanding. Mental models and metaphor, use of design prototypes, controlled experiments. Cognitive walkthrough. Evaluation from the perspective of a novice learning to use the system.

Unit V: 
Task analysis and design. Contextual and qualitative studies, use-case driven design. Research techniques. Cognitive dimensions of notations, CSCW, ubiquitous computing, new interaction techniques, programmability.





                        IT 704 Elective –I (IT- 713- Automata and Compiler Design)     



Unit I: 
Introduction: Alphabets, Strings and Languages; Automata and Grammars, Deterministic finite Automata (DFA)-Formal Definition, Simplified notation: State transition graph, Transition table, Language of DFA, Nondeterministic finite Automata (NFA), Equivalence of NFA and DFA, Minimization of Finite Automata, Regular Expressions, Arden’s theorem.

Unit II: 
Compiler Structure: Compilers and Translators, Various Phases of Compiler, Pass Structure of Compiler, Bootstrapping of Compiler. Lexical Analysis: The role of Lexical Analyzer, A simple approach to the design of Lexical Analyzer, Implementation of Lexical Analyzer. The Syntactic Specification of Programming Languages: CFG, Derivation and Parse tree, Ambiguity, Capabilities of CFG. Basic Parsing Techniques: Top-Down parsers with backtracking, Recursive Descent Parsers, Predictive Parsers,

Unit III: 
Bottom–up Parsers, Shift-Reduce Parsing, Operator Precedence Parsers, LR parsers (SLR, Canonical LR, LALR) Syntax Analyzer Generator: YACC, Intermediate Code Generation: Different Intermediate forms: three address code, Quadruples & Triples. Syntax Directed translation mechanism and attributed definition. Translation of Declaration, Assignment, Control flow, Boolean expression, Array References in arithmetic expressions, procedure calls, case statements, postfix translation.

Unit IV:
Run Time Memory Management: Static and Dynamic storage allocation, stack based memory allocation schemes, Symbol Table management Error Detection and Recovery: Lexical phase errors, Syntactic phase errors, Semantic errors.

Unit V:
Code Optimization and Code Generation: Local optimization, Loop optimization, Peephole optimization, Basic blocks and flow graphs, DAG, Data flow analyzer, Machine Model, Order of evaluation, Register allocation and code selection




                           IT 705 Elective –II (IT- 720- Embedded System)     


Unit I: 
Introduction to Embedded System, Categories, Requirements, Applications, Challenges and Issues. Core of Embedded system, Memory, Sensors and Actuators, communication interface, Embedded firmware, system components.

Unit II: 
Fundamental issues of hardware software co-design, computational models in embedded designdata flow graph, control flow graph, state machine model, sequential programmed model, concurrent model, unified modeling language.

Unit III: 
Architecture of 8085 microcontroller, memory organization, registers, interrupts, addressing modes, instruction sets.

Unit IV: 
Embedded firmware design approaches- OS based, Super loop based. Embedded firmware development languages- Assembly language based, high level language based, mixed. Programming in embedded C.

Unit V: 
Types of Operating system, Task, process and threads, Multi processing and multi task, Task scheduling, Task communication, Task synchronization.




                        IT 705 Elective –II (IT- 721- E-Commerce and Governance)     


Unit I: 
Introduction to e-commerce: History of e-commerce, e-business models B2B, B2C, C2C, C2B, legal; environment of e-commerce, ethical issues, electronic data interchange, value chain and supply chain, advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce.

Unit II:
Electronic Payment Systems: Credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, e-credit accounts, e-money, Marketing on the web, marketing strategies, advertising on the web, customer service and support, introduction to m-commerce, case study: e-commerce in passenger air transport.

Unit III: 
E-Government, theoretical background of e-governance, issues in e-governance applications, evolution of e-governance, its scope and content, benefits and reasons for the introduction of e-governance, e-governance models- broadcasting, critical flow, comparative analysis, mobilization and lobbying, interactive services / G2C2G.

Unit IV: 
E-readiness, e-government readiness, E- Framework, step & issues, application of data warehousing and data mining in e-government, Case studies: NICNET-role of nation wide networking in egovernance, e-seva.

Unit V:
E-Government systems security: Challenges and approach to e-government security, security concern in e-commerce, security for server computers, communication channel security, security for client computers.




                   IT 705 Elective –II (IT- 722- High Performance Computing)    



Unit I: 
Introduction to high performance computing: Aim, Architectures, Cluster, Grid, Meta-computing, Middleware, Examples of representative applications. Programming models: Parallel programming paradigms, task partitioning and mapping, shared memory, message passing, peer-to-peer, broker-based. Introduction to PVM and MPI.

Unit II: 
Architecture of cluster-based systems, Issues in cluster design: performance, single-system-image, fault tolerance, manageability, programmability, load balancing, security, storage. High performance sequential computing: Effects of the memory hierarchy, Out-of-order execution, superscalar processors, Vector processing.

Unit III: 
Shared-memory processing: Architectures (extensions of the memory hierarchy), Programming paradigms, OpenMP. Distributed-memory processing: Architectural issues (networks and interconnects), Programming paradigms, MPI (+MPI2).

Unit IV: 
Grids: Computational grids, Data grids ,Architecture of Grid systems, Grid security infrastructure. Examples of Grids: Globus. The productivity crisis & future directions: Development overheads, Petaflops programming, New parallel languages: UPC, Titanium, Co-Array FORTRAN.

Unit V: 
Performance Issues and Techniques: Cost and Frequency Models for I/O, paging, and caching. Notion of Cacheing; temporal and spatial locality models for instruction and data accesses; Intra-process parallelism and pipelining. Typical Compiler Optimizations of Programs; Improving Performance: Identifying program bottlenecks - profiling, tracing; simple high-level-language optimizations - locality enhancement, memory disambiguation, moving loop-invariants.




                            IT 705 Elective –II (IT- 723- Bioinformatics) 


Unit I: 
Introduction to bioinformatics: Definition and History of Bioinformatics, Application and research of bioinformatics, finding Bioinformatics data online Bioinformatics, private and future data sources, Meta data Summary and reference systems.

Unit II: 
Bioinformatics Database: Characteristics and categories of Bioinformatics database, Navigating databases, Information retrieval Systems, Sequence database Nucleotide(primary and Secondary), Protein sequence, Structure Databases: File Formats, Protein Structure, PDB, MMDB, CATH, Other Database Enzyme, MEROPS, BRENDA, Pathway databases

Unit III: 
Bioinformatics Tools: Need for tools, Industry Trends, Data Mining Tools, Data Submission tools: Nucleotide Sequence, protein Submission tools, Data Analysis tools: Nucleotide Sequence, protein Sequence, Prediction Tools: Phylogenetic trees, Gene prediction, Protein Structure and Function prediction, Modeling Tools: 2D and 3D Protein Modeling.

Unit IV: 
Bioinformatics Algorithms: Classification of Algorithms, Biological Algorithm, Sequence Comparison Algorithm, Substitution Matrices Algorithms, Sequence Alignment Algorithm ,Gene Prediction Algorithm.

Unit V: 
Bioinformatics Software: Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST),Purpose of BLAST,BLAST Analysis, Purpose of BLAST II, Scoring Metrics, PAM, BLOSUM, Working of BLAST. Introduction of HMMER, Practical example of HMMER.




                                IT 705 Elective –II (IT- 724- Unix & Shell Programming)  


UNIT–I 
General Overview of the System: System structure, user perspective, O/S services assumption about Hardware The Kernel and buffer cache architecture of Unix O/S, System concepts, Kernel data Structure, System administration, Buffer headers, Structure of the buffer pool, Scenarios for retrieval of the buffer, Reading and writing disk block, Advantage and disadvantage of buffer cache.

UNIT–II 
Internal Representation of Files: Inodes, Structure of regular, Directories conversions of a path name to an inode, Super block, Inode assignment to a new file, Allocation of disk blocks, Open read write file and record close, File creation, Operation of special files change directory and change root, change owner and change mode. STAT and FSTAT, PIPES mounting and unmounting files system, Link Unlink

UNIT–III 
Structures of Processes and process control: Process states and transitions layout of system memory, the context of a process, manipulation of process address space, Sleep process creation/termination. The user Id of a process, changing the size of a process. Killing process with signals, job control, scheduling commands: AT and BATCH,TIME,CORN.

UNIT-IV 
Introduction to shell scripts: shell Bourne shell, C shell, Unix commands, permissions, editors, grep family, shell variables, scripts, metacharacters and environment, if and case statements, for while and until loops. Shell programming.

UNIT-V 
Introduction of Awk and perl Programming: Awk pattern scanning , BEGIN and END patterns, Awk arithmetic and variables, and operators, functions, perl; the chop() function, variable and operators.Networking tools:Resolving IP addressing, TELNET, FTP, Socket programming, introduction of Linux structure .  

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RGPV B.E Computer Science 7th Sem (Grading System) Syllabus

                                                CS-701 – Compiler Design   


Unit-I 
Introduction to compiling & Lexical Analysis Introduction of Compiler, Major data Structure in compiler, BOOT Strapping & Porting, Compiler structure: analysis-synthesis model of compilation, various phases of a compiler, Lexical analysis: Input buffering , Specification & Recognition of Tokens, LEX.

Unit-II 
Syntax Analysis &Syntax Directed Translation Syntax analysis: CFGs, Top down parsing, Brute force approach, recursive descent parsing, transformation on the grammars, predictive parsing, bottom up parsing, operator precedence parsing, LR parsers (SLR,LALR, LR),Parser generation.Syntax directed definitions: Construction of Syntax trees, Bottom up evaluation of S-attributed definition, L-attribute definition, Top down translation, Bottom Up evaluation of inherited attributes Recursive Evaluation, Analysis of Syntax directed definition.

Unit-III
Type Checking & Run Time Environment Type checking: type system, specification of simple type checker, equivalence of expression, types, type conversion, overloading of functions and operations, polymorphic functions. Run time Environment: storage organization, Storage allocation strategies, parameter passing, dynamic storage allocation , Symbol table

Unit –IV 
Code Generation  Intermediate code generation: Declarations, Assignment statements, Boolean expressions, Case statements, Back patching, Procedure calls Code Generation: Issues in the design of code generator, Basic block and flow graphs, Register allocation and assignment, DAG representation of basic blocks, peephole optimization, generating code from DAG.

Unit –V
Code Optimization Introduction to Code optimization: sources of optimization of basic blocks, loops in flow graphs, dead code elimination, loop optimization, Introduction to global data flow analysis, Code Improving transformations ,Data flow analysis of structure flow graph Symbolic debugging of optimized code.


List of Experiments:  
1.Develop a lexical analyzer to recognize a few patterns.
2.Write a programme to parse using Brute force technique of Topdown parsing.
3.Develop LL (1) parser (Construct parse table also).
4.Develop an operator precedence parser (Construct parse table also)
5.Develop a recursive descent parser  Write a program for generating for various intermediate code forms i) Three address code ii) Polish notation
6.Write a program to simulate Heap storage allocation strategy
7.Generate Lexical analyzer using LEX
8.Generate YACC specification for a few syntactic categories.
9.Given any intermediate code form implement code optimization techniques
10.Study of an Object Oriented Compiler.  




                                                   CS-702 – Distributed System  


Unit-I 
Introduction to distributed systems Architecture for Distributed System, Goals of Distributed system, Hardware and Software concepts, Distributed Computing Model, Advantages & Disadvantage distributed system, Issues in designing Distributed System,

Unit-II 
Distributed Share Memory And Distributed File System Basic Concept of Distributed Share Memory (DSM), DSM Architecture & its Types, Design & Implementations issues In DSM System, Structure of Share Memory Space, Consistency Model, and Thrashing. Desirable features of good Distributed File System, File Model, File Service Architecture, File Accessing Model, File Sharing Semantics, File Catching Scheme, File Application & Fault tolerance. Naming: - Features, System Oriented Names, Object Locating Mechanism, Human Oriented Name.

Unit-III 
Inter Process Communication And Synchronization API for Internet Protocol, Data Representation & Marshaling, Group Communication, Client Server Communication, RPC- Implementing RPC Mechanism, Stub Generation, RPC Messages. Synchronization: - Clock Synchronization, Mutual Exclusion, Election Algorithms:- Bully & Ring Algorithms.

Unit-IV 
Distributed Scheduling And Deadlock Distributed Scheduling-Issues in Load Distributing, Components for Load Distributing Algorithms, Different Types of Load Distributing Algorithms, Task Migration and its issues. Deadlock-Issues in deadlock detection & Resolutions, Deadlock Handling Strategy, Distributed Deadlock Algorithms,

Unit-V 
Distributed Multimedia & Database system Distributed Data Base Management System(DDBMS), Types of Distributed Database, Distributed Multimedia:- Characteristics of multimedia Data, Quality of Service Managements. Case Study of Distributed System:- Amoeba, Mach, Chorus




                                                CS-703 – Cloud Computing   



Unit-I 
Introduction: Historical development ,Vision of Cloud Computing, Characteristics of cloud computing as per NIST , Cloud computing reference model ,Cloud computing environments, Cloud services requirements, Cloud and dynamic infrastructure, Cloud Adoption and rudiments .Overview of cloud applications: ECG Analysis in the cloud, Protein structure prediction, Gene Expression Data Analysis ,Satellite Image Processing ,CRM and ERP ,Social networking .

Unit-II 
Cloud Computing Architecture: Cloud Reference Model, Types of Clouds, Cloud Interoperability & Standards, Scalability and Fault Tolerance, Cloud Solutions: Cloud Ecosystem, Cloud Business Process Management, Cloud Service Management. Cloud Offerings: Cloud Analytics, Testing Under Control, Virtual Desktop Infrastructure.

Unit –III 
Cloud Management & Virtualization Technology: Resiliency, Provisioning, Asset management,Conceps of Map reduce , Cloud Governance, High Availability and Disaster Recovery. Virtualization: Fundamental concepts of compute ,storage, networking, desktop and application virtualization .Virtualization benefits, server virtualization, Block and file level storage virtualization  Hypervisor management software, Infrastructure Requirements , Virtual LAN(VLAN) and Virtual SAN(VSAN) and their benefits .  

Unit-IV 
Cloud Security:   Cloud Information security fundamentals, Cloud security services, Design principles, Secure Cloud Software Requirements, Policy Implementation, Cloud Computing Security Challenges, Virtualization security Management, Cloud Computing Secutity Architecture .

Unit-V 
Market Based Management of Clouds , Federated Clouds/Inter Cloud: Characterization & Definition ,Cloud Federation Stack , Third Party Cloud Services . Case study : Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure , Hadoop , Amazon , Aneka  

List of Experiments: 
1. Installation and configuration of Hadoop/Euceliptus etc.
2. Service deployment & Usage over cloud.
3. Management of cloud resources.
4. Using existing cloud characteristics & Service models .
5. Cloud Security Management.
6. Performance evaluation of services over cloud .




                                    CS-704 – Information Storage & Management  

Unit-I 
Introduction to Storage Technology: Data proliferation, evolution of various storage technologies, Overview of storage infrastructure components, Information Lifecycle Management, Data categorization.

Unit-II 
Storage Systems Architecture: Intelligent disk subsystems overview, Contrast of integrated vs. modular arrays, Component architecture of intelligent disk subsystems, Disk physical structure components, properties, performance, and specifications, RAID levels & parity algorithms, hot sparing, Front end to host storage provisioning, mapping and operation.

Unit-III 
Introduction to Networked Storage: JBOD, DAS, NAS, SAN & CAS evolution and comparision. Applications, Elements, connectivity, standards, management, security and limitations of DAS, NAS, CAS & SAN.

Unit -IV 
Hybrid Storage solutions; Virtualization: Memory, network, server, storage & appliances. Data center concepts & requirements, Backup & Disaster Recovery: Principles Managing & Monitoring: Industry management standards (SNMP, SMI-S, CIM), standard framework applications, Key management metrics (Thresholds, availability, capacity, security, performance).

Unit-V 
Information storage on cloud :Concept of Cloud, Cloud Computing, storage on Cloud, Cloud Vocabulary, Architectural Framework, Cloud benefits, Cloud computing Evolution, Applications & services on cloud, Cloud service providers and Models, Essential characteristics of cloud computing, Cloud Security and integration.




                             Elective –I   (CS 7101 Network & Web Security)    


UNIT I 
Introduction to Network Security, Computer Securit y and Cyber Security. Security Terminologies and Principle, Security Threats, Types of attacks (Operating System, application level, Shrink Wrap code, Misconfiguration attacks etc.). Introduction to Intrusion, Terminologies, Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Types of Intrusion Detection Systems, System Integrity Verifiers (SIVS).Indication of Intrusion: System Indications, File System Indications Network Indications. Intrusion Detection Tools ,Post attack IDS Measures & Evading IDS Systems. Penetration Testing, Categories of security assessments, Vulnerability Assessment, Types of Penetration Testing. Risk Management.

UNIT II 
Cryptography, Classical Cryptographic Techniques, Encryption, Decryption, Code Breaking: Methodologies, Cryptanalysis, Cryptography Attacks, Brute-Force Attack, Use of Cryptography. Public key cryptography, Principles of Public key Cryptosystems, Cryptographic Algorithms RSA, Data Encryption Standard (DES), RC4, RC5, RC6, Blowfish, Key Management, Diffie- Hellman key exchange, elliptic curve cryptography.

UNIT III 
Hash Functions, One-way Hash Functions, SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm), Authentication Requirements, Authentication Functions, Kerberos. Message Authentication codes ,Message Digest Functions, MD5, SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), SSH (Secure Shell), Algorithms and Security, Disk Encryption, Government Access to Keys (GAK) Digital Signature: Analysis, Components, Method, Applications, Standard, Algorithm: Signature Generation/Verification, ECDSA, EIgamal Signature Scheme, Digital Certificates.

UNIT IV 
Trojans and Backdoors: Overt and Covert Channels, Working, Types (Remote Access Trojans, Data-Sending Trojans, Destructive Trojans, Trojans, Proxy Trojans, FTP Trojans, Security Software Disablers). Viruses and Worms: Characteristics, Working, Infection Phase, Attack Phase. Sniffers: Definition, spoofing, Sniffing, Vulnerable Protocols, Types. Phishing: Methods, Process, Attacks Types (Man-in-the-Middle Attacks, URL Obfuscation Attacks, Hidden Attacks, Client-side Vulnerabilities, Deceptive Phishing, Malware-Based Phishing, DNSBased Phishing, Content-Injection Phishing, Search Engine Phishing). Web Application Security- Secured authentication mechanism, secured session management, Cross-site Scripting, SQL Injection and other vulnerabilities
Denial-of Service Attacks: Types of Attacks (Smurf Attack, Buffer Overflow Attack, Ping of Death Attack, Teardrop Attack, SYN Attack, SYN Flooding), DDoS Attack(Distributed DoS Attack.), Session Hijacking, Spoofing v Hijacking, TCP/IP hijacking, CAPTCHA Protection    


UNIT V
IP Security, Web Security, Firewalls: Types, Operation, Design Principles, Trusted Systems. Computer Forensics, Need, Objectives,Stages & Steps of Forensic Investigation in Tracking Cyber Criminals, Incident Handling. Hacking, Classes of Hacker (Black hats, grey hats, white hats, suicide hackers), Footprinting, Scanning (Types-Port, Network, Vulnerability), E-Mail Spiders, Overview of System Hacking Cycle.


List of Experiments: 

1. Footprinting using footprinting tools(Open Source & Free)(ex-nslookup, ARIN, Whois, Google Earth etc..)
2. Scanning for vulnerabilities using (Angry IP, HPing2, IPScanner, Global Network Inventory Scanner, Net Tools Suite Pack.)
3. NetBIOS Enumeration Using NetView Tool, Nbtstat Enumeration Tool (Open Source).
4. Steganography using tools: Tool: Merge Streams, Image Hide, Stealth Files, Blindside, STools, Steghide, Steganos, Pretty Good Envelop, Stegdetect,.
5. Steganalysis - Stego Watch- Stego Detection Tool, StegSpy.
6. How to Detect Trojans by using – Netstat, fPort, TCPView, CurrPorts Tool, Process Viewer.
7. Lan Scanner using look@LAN, wireshark.
8. Understanding DoS Attack Tools- Jolt2 , Bubonic.c, Land and LaTierra, Targa, Nemesy Blast, Panther2, Crazy Pinger, Some Trouble, UDP Flood, FSMax.





                                       Elective –I   (CS 7102 Simulation & Modelling)  


Unit-I 
Introduction to Modeling and Simulation Nature of Simulation. Systems , Models and Simulation, Continuous and Discrete Systems, system modeling, concept of simulation, Components of a simulation study, Principles used in modeling Static and Dynamic physical models, Static and Dynamic Mathematical models Introduction to Static and Dynamic System simulation , Advantages ,Disadvantages and pitfalls of Simulation.

Unit-II 
System Simulation and Continuous System Simulation Types of System Simulation, Monte Carlo Method, Comparision of analytical and Simulation methods, Numerical Computation techniques for Continuous and Discrete Models, Distributed Lag Models, Cobweb Model. Continuous System models, Analog and Hybrid computers, Digital- Analog Simulators, Continuous system simulation languages ,Hybrid simulation ,Real Time simulations.

Unit –III 
System Dynamics & Probability concepts in Simulation Exponential growth and decay models, logistic curves ,Generalization of growth models , System dynamics diagrams, Multi segment models , Representation of Time Delays. Discrete and Continuous probability functions, Continuous Uniformly Distributed Random Numbers, Generation of a Random numbers, Generating Discrete distributions, Non-Uniform Continuously Distributed Random Numbers, Rejection Method.

Unit-IV
Simulation of Queueing Systems and Discrete System Simulation Poisson arrival patterns, Exponential distribution, Service times, Normal Distribution Queuing Disciplines, Simulation of single and two server queue. Application of queuing theory in computer system. Discrete Events ,Generation of arrival patterns, Simulation programming tasks, Gathering statistics, Measuring occupancy and Utilization, Recording Distributions and Transit times .

Unit-V 
Introduction to Simulation languages and Analysis of Simulation output GPSS: Action times, Succession of events, Choice of paths, Conditional transfers, program control statements . SIMSCRIPT: Organization of SIMSCRIPT Program, Names & Labels, SIMSCRIPT statements . Estimation methods , Relication of Runs, Batch Means , Regenerative techniques , Time Series Analysis , Spectral Analysis and Autoregressive Processes.


List of Experiments:-
1. Simulate CPU scheduling algorithm using queueing system a) FCFS b) SJF c) Priority Algo
2. Simulate multiplexer/concentrator using queuing system
3. Simulate congestion control algorithms.
4. Simulate disk scheduling algorithms.
5. Simulate a Manufacturing shop and write a program in GPSS.
6. Simulate Telephone system model and write a program in SIMSCRIPT.




                             Elective –I   (CS 7103 Embedded Computer System)  



Unit – I 
Introduction to Embedded systems Embedded Systems Vs General Computing Systems, Classification of Embedded Systems, Major application areas of Embedded Systems, Purpose of Embedded systems ,Core of the Embedded system, Memory, Sensors and Actuators, Communication Interface, Embedded firmware, PCB and Passive Components, Characteristics and Quality attributes of a Embedded System .

Unit – II
Design of Embedded Systems with 8bit Microcontrollers-8051 Factors for considering in selecting a Controller ,Designing with 8051 microcontroller Different addressing modes supported by 8051 , Instruction set for 8051 microcontroller. Fundamental issues in Hardware Software Co-Design , Computational models in Embedded Design .

Unit – III 
Embedded Hardware & Firmware Design and Development Analog &Digital Electronic components, VLSI & Integrated circuit design, Electronic Design Automation tools , PCB layout Design and its fabrication .Embedded firmware design approaches , Embedded firmware Development Languages ,Programming in Embedded C . Integration and testing of Embedded Hardware and Firmware , Safe & robust Design, Reliability, Faults, errors & Failure, Functional Design, Architecture Design, Prototyping.

Unit -IV 
Embedded System Development Environment Integrated Development Environment (IDE) , Types of files Generated on Cross- Compilation , Disassembler / Decompiler, Simulators, Emulators and Debugging, Boundary Scan.

Unit – V 
Embedded Product Development Lifecycle(EDLC) and Trends in Embedded Industry What is EDLC ,Objectives of EDLC , Different phases of EDLC , EDLC Approaches-Linear or waterfall model , Iterative Model , Prototyping/Evolutionary Model, Spiral Model . Processor trends in Industry , Embedded OS Trends , Development Language trends Open Standards, Frameworks and Alliances , Bottlenecks.




                              Elective –I   (CS 7104 Real Time Fault Tolerant Systems)    


Unit-I 
Structure of Real Time System, Performance Measure for real time system, Task Assignments,Fault Tolerant Scheduling, Real Time Vs General purpose Data  Bases, Data Bases for Hard Real Time System, Real Time Communication

Unit-II 
Fault Tolerance, Fault-Error-Failure. Redundancy, Error Detection, Damage Confinement, Error Recovery, Fault Treatment, Fault Prevention, anticipated and unanticipated Faults. Error models: General coding scheme Error detection techniques: Watchdog processors, Heartbeats, consistency and capability checking, Data audits, Assertions, Control-flow checking, Error control coding. Application: DHCP

Unit-III 
Fault tolerance: Coding technique-fault tolerant self checking and fail safe circuits-fault tolerance in combinatorial and sequential circuits- synchronous and asynchronous fail safe circuits. Software fault tolerance: Process pairs, robust data structures, N version programming, Recovery blocks, Replica consistency & reintegration, multithreaded programs Application: VAX. Network fault tolerance: Reliable communication protocols, Agreement protocols, Database commit protocols -Application: Distributed SQL server Check pointing & Recovery - Application: Micro check pointing, IRIX Checkpoints

Unit-IV
Experimental Evaluation: Modelling and simulation based, Fault injection based - Application: NFTAPE fault injector . Modelling for performance, dependability and perform ability: dependability-specific methods (fault trees, reliability block diagrams), queues, stochastic Petri nets and stochastic activity networks - Application: Ultra SAN

Unit-V 
Practical Systems for Fault Tolerance: - Application: Ad-hoc wireless network - Application: NASA Remote Exploration & Experimentation System Architecture: Fault tolerant computers - general purpose commercial systems-fault tolerant multiprocessor and VLSI based communication architecture. Fault tolerant software: Design-N-version programming recovery block - acceptance tests-fault trees- validation of fault tolerant systems.

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