EX701 Power System II
Unit -I
General - Problems associated with modern interconnected power Systems, deregulation,
power systems restructuring, distributed generation, congestion, available transfer
capacities, pricing of energy and transmission services.
Unit -II
Power flow studies - Formulation of static power flow equations and solutions using Gauss-
Seidel, Newton Raphson and FDLF methods, comparison of these methods, Economic
operation of power system - Economic dispatch, Emission dispatch, line loss, ITL, economic
dispatch using lagrangian multiplier method.
Unit-III
MW Frequency control- Coherency, control area, modeling of speed control mechanism,
load damping, block diagrammatic representation of single and two area interconnected
system, static and dynamic response, .optimum parameter adjustment.
Unit-IV
MVAR Voltage control Problem- Difference in control strategy over MW - f control,
characteristics of an excitation system, DC AC and static excitation system, General block
diagram representation of voltage regulators.
Unit-V
Power System Stability - Steady state, dynamic and transients stability, Swing equation ,
equal area criterion, solution of swing equation using step by step method modified Eulers
method and Rnge-Kutta method,methods of improving transient stability.
List Of Experiments:
1. To develop a program in Matlab for information of Y-bus matrix for N bus system.
2. Load flow solution for 3-bus system using Gauss- Seidel, Newton Raphson and FDLF
methods up to 3 iteration.
3. Load flow solution for IEEE 6-bus and 30-bus system in Matlab using Newton
Raphson method.
4. Assessment of transient stability of a single machine system.
5. Effect of compensation on voltage profile of IEEE 6-bus system.
6. Study of any software tools (PSCAD,EDSA, Mi POWER, ETAP etc)
EX702 Electrical Drives
Unit - I
Control of D.C. motors by converters:- Introduction to Thyristor Controlled Drives, single
phase semi and fully controlled converters and three semi and fully controlled converters
connected to d.c. separately excited and d.c. series motors-continuous current operation,
Output voltage and current waveforms, Speed and Torque expression, Speed-Torque
Characteristics, Problems on converter fed d.c. motors.
Unit - II
Four quadrant operation of D.C. Drives.:Introduction to Four quadrant operation, Motoring
operations, Electric braking, Plugging, dynamic and regenerative braking operations. Four
quadrant operation of D.C. motor by Dual converters-Closed loop operation of DC motor
(Block diagram only)Control of D.C. Motors by Choppers:-Single quadrant, Two-quadrant and
four quadrant chopper fed d.c. separately excited and series excited motors, Continuous
current operation, Output voltage and current waveforms-Speed torques expressions-Speed
torque characteristics, Problems on Chopper fed d.c. motors, Closed loop operation (Block
diagram only)
Unit-III
Control of Induction Motors on stator side:-Control of Induction Motor by AC Voltage
controllers- Waveforms, Speed torque characteristics, Variable frequency control of induction
motor by Voltage Source,Current Source inverters and cycloconverters, PWM control
Comparison of VSI & CSI operations, Speed- torque Characteristics, Numerical problems on
induction motor drives, Closed loop operation of induction motor drives. (Block diagram only)
Unit-IV
Control of Induction Motors from rotor side:-Static rotor resistance control, Slip power
recovery static Scherbius Drive, Static Kramer Drive, Their performance and speed torque
characteristics advantages- application-problems.
Unit-V
Control of Synchronous Motors:- Separate control & Self control of synchronous motors,
Operation of self controlled synchronous motors by VSI, CSI and Cycloconverters. Load
commutated CSI fed Synchronous motor, Operation, Waveform, Speed torque
Characteristics, Application, Advantage, Numerical problems, Closed loop operation os
synchronous motors drives. (Block diagram only)
EX703 Digital Signal Processing
Unit- I
Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, Discrete time signals & systems, linear shift
invariant systems, stability and causality, Linear-constant coefficient difference equations,
Frequency domain representation of discrete time signals and systems, properties of the
Discrete Time Fourier transform (DTFT), Sampling and discrete time processing of
continuous-time signals.
Unit- II
Applications of z-transforms, solution of difference equations of digital filters, System
function, stability criterion, frequency response of stable systems, one sided Z-transform and
its applications.
Unit- III
Discrete Fourier series: Properties of discrete Fourier series, DFS representation of periodic
sequences. Discrete Fourier Transforms: Properties of DFT: Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT)
- Radix-2 decimation in time and decimation in frequency FFT Algorithms. Inverse FFT.
Unit- IV
IIR DIGITAL FILTERS: Analog filter approximations - Butterworth and Chebyshev, Design of
IIR Digital filters from analog filters, Bilinear transformation method, step & impulse
invariance techniques, Spectral Transformations, Realization of IIR digital filters - direct,
canonic, cascade & parallel forms.
Unit- V
FIR DIGITAL FILTERS: Characteristics of FIR Digital Filters frequency response, Design of FIR
Digital Filters using Window Techniques. Comparison of IIR and FIR filters, Realization of FIR digital
filters - direct, linear phase, cascade & parallel forms.
Elective-I (EX-7101 – Reliability Engineering)
UNIT-1
Introduction to reliability and indices. Review of probality theory. Density and distribution
function of continuous and discrete random variable.
UNIT-II
Component reliability, hazard function, failure laws, exponential failure law, wear in period
and its importance. Safety and reliability, replacement, methods of reliability improvement.
UNITE-III
Reliability evaluation of series, parallel, and series–parallel network. Complex network
reliability evaluation using event, space, decomposition, tie-set, cut-set and, Satand by
system and load sharing system,multi state models.
UNIT-IV
Markov process, State diagram, Availability and unavailability function. Evaluation of time
dependent and limiting state probabilities. MTTF calculation. Concept of frequency and
durations. State enumeration method for evaluating failure frequency, MUT, MDT,frequency
balance approach.
UNIT-V
Reliability testing, estimation of reliability function, failure function and MTTF from grouped
and ungrouped datas , censoring and accelerations ,parametric methods.
Elective-I (EX-7102 – EHV A.C. and D.C. Transmission)
Unit- I
Constitution of EHV a.c. and d.c. links, Kind of d.c. links, Limitations and Advantages of a.c.
and d.c. transmission, Principal application of a.c. and d.c. transmission, Trends in EHV a.c.
and d.c. transmission, Power handling capacity. Converter analysis garetz circuit, Firing angle
control, Overlapping.
Unit- II
FACTS devices, basic types of controller, series controller, static synchronous series
compensator(SSSC), thyristor-controlled series capacitor(TCSC), thyristor controlled series
reactor(TCSR), shunt controller (STATCOM), static VAR compensator(SVC), series-
series controller, combined series-shunt controller, unified power flow controller (UPFC),
thyristor controlled phase shifting transformer(TCPST).
Unit- III
Components of EHV d.c. system, converter circuits, rectifier and inverter valves, Reactive
power requirements, harmonics generation, Adverse effects, Classification, Remedial
measures to suppress, filters, Ground return. Converter faults & protection harmonics
misoperation, Commutation failure, Multiterminal D.C. lines.
Unit- IV
Control of EHV d.c. system desired features of control, control characteristics, Constant
current control, Constant extinction angle control. Ignition Angle control. Parallel operation of
HVAC & DC system. Problems & advantages.
Unit- V
Travelling waves on transmission systems, Their shape, Attenuation and distortion, effect
of junction and termination on propagation of traveling waves. Over voltages in
transmission system. Lightning, switching and temporary over voltages: Control of lighting
and switching over voltages
Elective-I (EX-7103 – SCADA Systems and Applications)
Unit I
Introduction to SCADA and PLC:SCADA: Data acquisition system, evaluation of
SCADA, communication technologies, monitoring and supervisory functions. PLC:
Block diagram, programming languages, Ladder diagram, Functional Block diagram,
Applications, Interfacing of PLC with SCADA.
Unit II
SCADA system components: Schemes, Remote Terminal Unit, Intelligent
Electronic Devices, Communication Network, SCADA server.
Unit III
SCADA Architecture-Various SCADA Architectures, advantages and disadvantages
of each system, single unified standard architecture IEC 61850 SCADA / HMI Systems.
Unit IV
SCADA Communication-Various industrial communication technologies- wired and
wireless methods and fiber optics, open standard communication protocols.
Unit V
Operation and control of interconnected power system-Automatic substation
control, SCADA configuration, Energy management system, system operating states,
system security, state estimation,SCADA applications Utility applications, transmission
and distribution sector operation, monitoring analysis and improvement. Industries oil
gas and water. Case studies, implementation, simulation exercises.
Elective-II (EX-7201 – High Voltage Engineering)
Unit -I
Introduction:-Introduction to HV technology, advantages of transmitting electrical power at
high voltages, need for generating high voltages in laboratory. Important applications of high
voltage.
Unit -II
Breakdown phenomena:- Classification of HV insulating media, Properties of important HV
insulating media. Gaseous dielectrics: Ionizations: primary and secondary ionization
processes. Criteria for gaseous insulation breakdown based on Townsend's theory,
Limitations of Townsend's theory. Streamer's theory breakdown in non uniform fields.
Corona discharges. Paschen's law and its significance. Time lags of Breakdown.
Breakdown in solid dielectrics: Intrinsic Breakdown, avalanche breakdown, thermal
breakdown, and electro mechanic breakdown. Breakdown of liquids dielectric dielectrics:
Suspended particle theory, electronic Breakdown, cavity breakdown (bubble's theory), electro
convection breakdown.
Unit –III
Generation of HV AC DC and Impulse Voltage and current:- HV AC-HV transformer; Need
for cascadeconnection and working of transformers units connected in cascade, Series
resonant circuit- principle of operation and advantages. Tesla coil. HV DC- voltage doubler
circuit, cock croft- Walton type high voltage DC set, Introduction to standard lightning and
switching impulse voltages. Analysis of single stage impulse generator-expression for Output
impulse voltage, Multistage impulse generator Components of multistage impulse generator.
Triggering of impulse generator by three electrode gap arrangement. Triggering gap and
oscillograph time sweep circuits. Generation of switching impulse voltage. Generation of
high impulse current.
Unit –IV
Measurement of high voltages:- Electrostatic voltmeter-principle, construction and
limitation. Generatingvoltmeter- Principle, construction. Series resistance micro ammeter for
Grading System w.e.f. 2013-14
HV DC measurements. Standard sphere gap measurements of HV AC, HV DC, and impulse
voltages;Factors affecting the measurements. Potential dividers-resistance dividers
capacitance dividers mixed RC potential dividers. Surge current
measurement.
Unit –V
High voltage tests on electrical apparatus:-Definitions of technologies, tests on isolators,
circuit breakers, cables insulators and transformers.
Elective-II (EX-7202 – Digital Image Processing)
Unit-I
Digital Image Processing (DIP)
Introduction, examples of fields that use DIP, fundamental steps in DIP, components of an image processing system.
Digital Image Fundamentals: elements of visual perception, image sensing and acquisition, image sampling and quantization, basic relationships between pixels.
Unit-II
Image Transforms
Two-dimensional (2D) impulse and its shifting properties, 2D continuous Fourier Transform pair, 2D sampling and sampling theorem, 2D Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), properties of 2D DFT.
Other transforms and their properties: Cosine transform, Sine transform, Walsh transform, Hadamard transform, Haar transform, Slant transform, KL transform.
Unit-III
Image Enhancement
Spatial domain methods: basic intensity transformation functions, fundamentals of spatial filtering, smoothing spatial filters (linear and non-linear), sharpening spatial filters (unsharp masking and high boost filters), combined spatial enhancement method.
Frequency domain methods: basics of filtering in frequency domain, image smoothing filters (Butterworth and Gaussian low pass filters), image sharpening filters (Butterworth and Gaussian high pass filters), selective filtering.
Unit-IV
Image Restoration
Image degradation/restoration, noise models, restoration by spatial filtering, noise reduction by frequency domain filtering, linear position invariant degradations, estimation of degradation function, inverse filtering, Wiener filtering, image reconstruction from projection.
Unit-V
Image Compression
Fundamentals of data compression: basic compression methods: Huffman coding, Golomb coding, LZW coding, Run-Length coding, Symbol based coding.
Digital image watermarking, representation and description- minimum perimeter polygons algorithm (MPP).
Elective-II (EX-7203 – Computer Networks)
Unit- I
Introduction to computer network, classification of networks (WAN, MAN, LAN), distributed
systems, digital signals and data rates, bit stream, symbols and band rate, transmission
media, modems, structure of computer network, circuit, packet, message switching
topological design, back bone design OSI, reference model.
Unit- II
Physical and data link layer, bit communication between DTE and DCE, RS232C, novel
modem Terminal handling, multiplexing and concentration data link layer service and design
issues, errors detection and correction, retransmission strategies, sliding window protocols,
satellite and packet radio networks, pure aloha protocols, slotted aloha protocol, satellite
networks, reservation aloha protocol, DES, PCEM, packet radio networks.
Unit-III
Network layer, basic design issues, network layer services, connection oriented and
connection less services, routing, static multipath, centralized isolated distributed hierarchical
broadcast, flow based routing, congestion deadlocks radio concept of Ethernet LAN topology
and architecture CSMA/CD protocol, token ring LAN token bus LAN, Fiber optic LAN
principle of LAN bridges, transparent bridge source routing bridges, gateway, gateway
design issues x25 internet working.
Unit-IV
ISDN, B-ISDN and ATM, evolution of ISDN, goal of ISDN services, ISDN system architecture
and network terminating devices ISDN interface ISDN signaling, broad band ISDN,
Asynchronomous transfer modem ATM adaptation layer, transport layer, OSI transport
protocol, session layer designing issues, data exchange OSI session layer primitives,
transport protocol TCP
Unit-V
Presentation layer, abstract syntax notation data compressed on oxyptography, application
layer OST service elements ACSE and CCR, the transfer access and management,
concurrence control nistual terminals, electronic mail directory services distributed systems,
formal protocol modules, network management, mobile networking.
Unit-VI
Networking Equipments and Monitoring Tools Routers, Modems, Switches,
Gateways, online networking monitoring tools, Network security, Proxy Server design.
EX-706 – Major Project –I(Planning & Literature Survey)
The Major Project Work provides students an opportunity to do something on their own and under the supervision of a guide. Each student shall work on an approved project, which may involve fabrication, design or investigation of a technical problem that may take design, experimental or analytical character or combine element of these areas. The project work involves sufficient work so that students get acquainted with different aspects of manufacture, design or analysis. The students also have to keep in mind that in final semester they would be required to implement whatever has been planned in the Major Project in this semester. It is possible that a work, which involves greater efforts and time may be taken up at this stage and finally completed in final semester, but partial completion report should be submitted in this semester and also evaluated by an external examiner. At the end of semester, all students are required to submit a synopsis.
Unit -I
General - Problems associated with modern interconnected power Systems, deregulation,
power systems restructuring, distributed generation, congestion, available transfer
capacities, pricing of energy and transmission services.
Unit -II
Power flow studies - Formulation of static power flow equations and solutions using Gauss-
Seidel, Newton Raphson and FDLF methods, comparison of these methods, Economic
operation of power system - Economic dispatch, Emission dispatch, line loss, ITL, economic
dispatch using lagrangian multiplier method.
Unit-III
MW Frequency control- Coherency, control area, modeling of speed control mechanism,
load damping, block diagrammatic representation of single and two area interconnected
system, static and dynamic response, .optimum parameter adjustment.
Unit-IV
MVAR Voltage control Problem- Difference in control strategy over MW - f control,
characteristics of an excitation system, DC AC and static excitation system, General block
diagram representation of voltage regulators.
Unit-V
Power System Stability - Steady state, dynamic and transients stability, Swing equation ,
equal area criterion, solution of swing equation using step by step method modified Eulers
method and Rnge-Kutta method,methods of improving transient stability.
List Of Experiments:
1. To develop a program in Matlab for information of Y-bus matrix for N bus system.
2. Load flow solution for 3-bus system using Gauss- Seidel, Newton Raphson and FDLF
methods up to 3 iteration.
3. Load flow solution for IEEE 6-bus and 30-bus system in Matlab using Newton
Raphson method.
4. Assessment of transient stability of a single machine system.
5. Effect of compensation on voltage profile of IEEE 6-bus system.
6. Study of any software tools (PSCAD,EDSA, Mi POWER, ETAP etc)
EX702 Electrical Drives
Unit - I
Control of D.C. motors by converters:- Introduction to Thyristor Controlled Drives, single
phase semi and fully controlled converters and three semi and fully controlled converters
connected to d.c. separately excited and d.c. series motors-continuous current operation,
Output voltage and current waveforms, Speed and Torque expression, Speed-Torque
Characteristics, Problems on converter fed d.c. motors.
Unit - II
Four quadrant operation of D.C. Drives.:Introduction to Four quadrant operation, Motoring
operations, Electric braking, Plugging, dynamic and regenerative braking operations. Four
quadrant operation of D.C. motor by Dual converters-Closed loop operation of DC motor
(Block diagram only)Control of D.C. Motors by Choppers:-Single quadrant, Two-quadrant and
four quadrant chopper fed d.c. separately excited and series excited motors, Continuous
current operation, Output voltage and current waveforms-Speed torques expressions-Speed
torque characteristics, Problems on Chopper fed d.c. motors, Closed loop operation (Block
diagram only)
Unit-III
Control of Induction Motors on stator side:-Control of Induction Motor by AC Voltage
controllers- Waveforms, Speed torque characteristics, Variable frequency control of induction
motor by Voltage Source,Current Source inverters and cycloconverters, PWM control
Comparison of VSI & CSI operations, Speed- torque Characteristics, Numerical problems on
induction motor drives, Closed loop operation of induction motor drives. (Block diagram only)
Unit-IV
Control of Induction Motors from rotor side:-Static rotor resistance control, Slip power
recovery static Scherbius Drive, Static Kramer Drive, Their performance and speed torque
characteristics advantages- application-problems.
Unit-V
Control of Synchronous Motors:- Separate control & Self control of synchronous motors,
Operation of self controlled synchronous motors by VSI, CSI and Cycloconverters. Load
commutated CSI fed Synchronous motor, Operation, Waveform, Speed torque
Characteristics, Application, Advantage, Numerical problems, Closed loop operation os
synchronous motors drives. (Block diagram only)
EX703 Digital Signal Processing
Unit- I
Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, Discrete time signals & systems, linear shift
invariant systems, stability and causality, Linear-constant coefficient difference equations,
Frequency domain representation of discrete time signals and systems, properties of the
Discrete Time Fourier transform (DTFT), Sampling and discrete time processing of
continuous-time signals.
Unit- II
Applications of z-transforms, solution of difference equations of digital filters, System
function, stability criterion, frequency response of stable systems, one sided Z-transform and
its applications.
Unit- III
Discrete Fourier series: Properties of discrete Fourier series, DFS representation of periodic
sequences. Discrete Fourier Transforms: Properties of DFT: Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT)
- Radix-2 decimation in time and decimation in frequency FFT Algorithms. Inverse FFT.
Unit- IV
IIR DIGITAL FILTERS: Analog filter approximations - Butterworth and Chebyshev, Design of
IIR Digital filters from analog filters, Bilinear transformation method, step & impulse
invariance techniques, Spectral Transformations, Realization of IIR digital filters - direct,
canonic, cascade & parallel forms.
Unit- V
FIR DIGITAL FILTERS: Characteristics of FIR Digital Filters frequency response, Design of FIR
Digital Filters using Window Techniques. Comparison of IIR and FIR filters, Realization of FIR digital
filters - direct, linear phase, cascade & parallel forms.
Elective-I (EX-7101 – Reliability Engineering)
UNIT-1
Introduction to reliability and indices. Review of probality theory. Density and distribution
function of continuous and discrete random variable.
UNIT-II
Component reliability, hazard function, failure laws, exponential failure law, wear in period
and its importance. Safety and reliability, replacement, methods of reliability improvement.
UNITE-III
Reliability evaluation of series, parallel, and series–parallel network. Complex network
reliability evaluation using event, space, decomposition, tie-set, cut-set and, Satand by
system and load sharing system,multi state models.
UNIT-IV
Markov process, State diagram, Availability and unavailability function. Evaluation of time
dependent and limiting state probabilities. MTTF calculation. Concept of frequency and
durations. State enumeration method for evaluating failure frequency, MUT, MDT,frequency
balance approach.
UNIT-V
Reliability testing, estimation of reliability function, failure function and MTTF from grouped
and ungrouped datas , censoring and accelerations ,parametric methods.
Elective-I (EX-7102 – EHV A.C. and D.C. Transmission)
Unit- I
Constitution of EHV a.c. and d.c. links, Kind of d.c. links, Limitations and Advantages of a.c.
and d.c. transmission, Principal application of a.c. and d.c. transmission, Trends in EHV a.c.
and d.c. transmission, Power handling capacity. Converter analysis garetz circuit, Firing angle
control, Overlapping.
Unit- II
FACTS devices, basic types of controller, series controller, static synchronous series
compensator(SSSC), thyristor-controlled series capacitor(TCSC), thyristor controlled series
reactor(TCSR), shunt controller (STATCOM), static VAR compensator(SVC), series-
series controller, combined series-shunt controller, unified power flow controller (UPFC),
thyristor controlled phase shifting transformer(TCPST).
Unit- III
Components of EHV d.c. system, converter circuits, rectifier and inverter valves, Reactive
power requirements, harmonics generation, Adverse effects, Classification, Remedial
measures to suppress, filters, Ground return. Converter faults & protection harmonics
misoperation, Commutation failure, Multiterminal D.C. lines.
Unit- IV
Control of EHV d.c. system desired features of control, control characteristics, Constant
current control, Constant extinction angle control. Ignition Angle control. Parallel operation of
HVAC & DC system. Problems & advantages.
Unit- V
Travelling waves on transmission systems, Their shape, Attenuation and distortion, effect
of junction and termination on propagation of traveling waves. Over voltages in
transmission system. Lightning, switching and temporary over voltages: Control of lighting
and switching over voltages
Elective-I (EX-7103 – SCADA Systems and Applications)
Unit I
Introduction to SCADA and PLC:SCADA: Data acquisition system, evaluation of
SCADA, communication technologies, monitoring and supervisory functions. PLC:
Block diagram, programming languages, Ladder diagram, Functional Block diagram,
Applications, Interfacing of PLC with SCADA.
Unit II
SCADA system components: Schemes, Remote Terminal Unit, Intelligent
Electronic Devices, Communication Network, SCADA server.
Unit III
SCADA Architecture-Various SCADA Architectures, advantages and disadvantages
of each system, single unified standard architecture IEC 61850 SCADA / HMI Systems.
Unit IV
SCADA Communication-Various industrial communication technologies- wired and
wireless methods and fiber optics, open standard communication protocols.
Unit V
Operation and control of interconnected power system-Automatic substation
control, SCADA configuration, Energy management system, system operating states,
system security, state estimation,SCADA applications Utility applications, transmission
and distribution sector operation, monitoring analysis and improvement. Industries oil
gas and water. Case studies, implementation, simulation exercises.
Elective-II (EX-7201 – High Voltage Engineering)
Unit -I
Introduction:-Introduction to HV technology, advantages of transmitting electrical power at
high voltages, need for generating high voltages in laboratory. Important applications of high
voltage.
Unit -II
Breakdown phenomena:- Classification of HV insulating media, Properties of important HV
insulating media. Gaseous dielectrics: Ionizations: primary and secondary ionization
processes. Criteria for gaseous insulation breakdown based on Townsend's theory,
Limitations of Townsend's theory. Streamer's theory breakdown in non uniform fields.
Corona discharges. Paschen's law and its significance. Time lags of Breakdown.
Breakdown in solid dielectrics: Intrinsic Breakdown, avalanche breakdown, thermal
breakdown, and electro mechanic breakdown. Breakdown of liquids dielectric dielectrics:
Suspended particle theory, electronic Breakdown, cavity breakdown (bubble's theory), electro
convection breakdown.
Unit –III
Generation of HV AC DC and Impulse Voltage and current:- HV AC-HV transformer; Need
for cascadeconnection and working of transformers units connected in cascade, Series
resonant circuit- principle of operation and advantages. Tesla coil. HV DC- voltage doubler
circuit, cock croft- Walton type high voltage DC set, Introduction to standard lightning and
switching impulse voltages. Analysis of single stage impulse generator-expression for Output
impulse voltage, Multistage impulse generator Components of multistage impulse generator.
Triggering of impulse generator by three electrode gap arrangement. Triggering gap and
oscillograph time sweep circuits. Generation of switching impulse voltage. Generation of
high impulse current.
Unit –IV
Measurement of high voltages:- Electrostatic voltmeter-principle, construction and
limitation. Generatingvoltmeter- Principle, construction. Series resistance micro ammeter for
Grading System w.e.f. 2013-14
HV DC measurements. Standard sphere gap measurements of HV AC, HV DC, and impulse
voltages;Factors affecting the measurements. Potential dividers-resistance dividers
capacitance dividers mixed RC potential dividers. Surge current
measurement.
Unit –V
High voltage tests on electrical apparatus:-Definitions of technologies, tests on isolators,
circuit breakers, cables insulators and transformers.
Elective-II (EX-7202 – Digital Image Processing)
Unit-I
Digital Image Processing (DIP)
Introduction, examples of fields that use DIP, fundamental steps in DIP, components of an image processing system.
Digital Image Fundamentals: elements of visual perception, image sensing and acquisition, image sampling and quantization, basic relationships between pixels.
Unit-II
Image Transforms
Two-dimensional (2D) impulse and its shifting properties, 2D continuous Fourier Transform pair, 2D sampling and sampling theorem, 2D Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), properties of 2D DFT.
Other transforms and their properties: Cosine transform, Sine transform, Walsh transform, Hadamard transform, Haar transform, Slant transform, KL transform.
Unit-III
Image Enhancement
Spatial domain methods: basic intensity transformation functions, fundamentals of spatial filtering, smoothing spatial filters (linear and non-linear), sharpening spatial filters (unsharp masking and high boost filters), combined spatial enhancement method.
Frequency domain methods: basics of filtering in frequency domain, image smoothing filters (Butterworth and Gaussian low pass filters), image sharpening filters (Butterworth and Gaussian high pass filters), selective filtering.
Unit-IV
Image Restoration
Image degradation/restoration, noise models, restoration by spatial filtering, noise reduction by frequency domain filtering, linear position invariant degradations, estimation of degradation function, inverse filtering, Wiener filtering, image reconstruction from projection.
Unit-V
Image Compression
Fundamentals of data compression: basic compression methods: Huffman coding, Golomb coding, LZW coding, Run-Length coding, Symbol based coding.
Digital image watermarking, representation and description- minimum perimeter polygons algorithm (MPP).
Elective-II (EX-7203 – Computer Networks)
Unit- I
Introduction to computer network, classification of networks (WAN, MAN, LAN), distributed
systems, digital signals and data rates, bit stream, symbols and band rate, transmission
media, modems, structure of computer network, circuit, packet, message switching
topological design, back bone design OSI, reference model.
Unit- II
Physical and data link layer, bit communication between DTE and DCE, RS232C, novel
modem Terminal handling, multiplexing and concentration data link layer service and design
issues, errors detection and correction, retransmission strategies, sliding window protocols,
satellite and packet radio networks, pure aloha protocols, slotted aloha protocol, satellite
networks, reservation aloha protocol, DES, PCEM, packet radio networks.
Unit-III
Network layer, basic design issues, network layer services, connection oriented and
connection less services, routing, static multipath, centralized isolated distributed hierarchical
broadcast, flow based routing, congestion deadlocks radio concept of Ethernet LAN topology
and architecture CSMA/CD protocol, token ring LAN token bus LAN, Fiber optic LAN
principle of LAN bridges, transparent bridge source routing bridges, gateway, gateway
design issues x25 internet working.
Unit-IV
ISDN, B-ISDN and ATM, evolution of ISDN, goal of ISDN services, ISDN system architecture
and network terminating devices ISDN interface ISDN signaling, broad band ISDN,
Asynchronomous transfer modem ATM adaptation layer, transport layer, OSI transport
protocol, session layer designing issues, data exchange OSI session layer primitives,
transport protocol TCP
Unit-V
Presentation layer, abstract syntax notation data compressed on oxyptography, application
layer OST service elements ACSE and CCR, the transfer access and management,
concurrence control nistual terminals, electronic mail directory services distributed systems,
formal protocol modules, network management, mobile networking.
Unit-VI
Networking Equipments and Monitoring Tools Routers, Modems, Switches,
Gateways, online networking monitoring tools, Network security, Proxy Server design.
EX-706 – Major Project –I(Planning & Literature Survey)
The Major Project Work provides students an opportunity to do something on their own and under the supervision of a guide. Each student shall work on an approved project, which may involve fabrication, design or investigation of a technical problem that may take design, experimental or analytical character or combine element of these areas. The project work involves sufficient work so that students get acquainted with different aspects of manufacture, design or analysis. The students also have to keep in mind that in final semester they would be required to implement whatever has been planned in the Major Project in this semester. It is possible that a work, which involves greater efforts and time may be taken up at this stage and finally completed in final semester, but partial completion report should be submitted in this semester and also evaluated by an external examiner. At the end of semester, all students are required to submit a synopsis.
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